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Technology Approaches and Tasks Task 2, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Near-term dye solar cell activities will focus on assessments for improving the efficiency and determining the reliability issues of dye solar cells and modules. Employing the systems-driven approach in performing these assessments will be important in identifying technology or market options that could move the dye solar cell onto a commercialization pathway. • Assess efficiency potential, stability, and reliability of inorganic/organic solar cells • Assess dye-sensitized solar cell options involving solid-state electrolytes. Schedule and Milestones (Refer to Table 4.4-2) 4.4.2.1.3 Nanotechnology Solar Cells Technology System Status Solar cells based on nanotechnology receive almost as much publicity as organic solar cells. One reason for excitement about nanotechnology materials is that their optical and electronic properties can be altered in particles having nanometer dimensions. Nanospheres are called quantum dots, and they suffer, in the case of solar cells, from charge-transport limitations within, for example, an organic-polymer medium surrounding the quantum dots. Despite charge- transport limitations, there is a potential for leveraging other nanotechnology research because the U.S. government has several nanotechnology research initiatives with significant funding. Like other excitonic solar cell concepts, nanostructured solar cells are likely to be extremely thin. They may also be easy to manufacture when the nanoparticles are produced by means of chemical solution. Current Activities: At the moment, there are no Solar Program contracts funding nanotechnology solar cells. University of California Berkeley, Vanderbilt, and the University of West Virginia each had a Future Generation PV contract to develop nanotechnology solar cells. The contract funding ended in 2002. Plans to recompete the Future Generation PV projects in 2002 were delayed due to budget uncertainties. NREL has a small (less than $200,000) internal Beyond the Horizon PV project exploring the use of nanotechnologies for Third-Generation PV concepts described below. Program Coordination and Implementation: As in the case of organic and dye solar cells, the principal means of program coordination has been the DOE/NREL conferences on Photovoltaics for the 21st Century I and II. Peer reviews at these or NCPV review meetings support the program implementation. Coordination with Related Programs: There may be an opportunity to coordinate with the U.S. government’s National Technology Initiative, but so far, there has been little interaction with other government agencies exploring nanotechnologies for other applications or trying to increase scientific knowledge about nanotechnologies. Nanotechnologies are also considered for some display concepts and, as in the case of organic solar cells, there may be opportunities to coordinate or leverage nanotechnology display concepts. The principal investigator at UC Berkeley, along with Harvard and MIT professors, provides intellectual property to a company developing several nanotechnologies including displays, as well as organic/nanotechnology solar cells. Technology and Component Goals and Objectives Goal: The goal of this research effort is to create new solar cell options that can meet long-term goals for producing solar electricity at low cost. Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 124PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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