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D. System integration: System control is more complex with CHC systems. For unglazed systems collecting both heat and coolness, there will likely be a separate SWH and space-conditioning (heating and cooling) tank. Control of flow of heat to SWH and space-heating storage must be managed optimally. 4.3.4.4 Hybrid Solar Lighting A. Collectors: The method of collecting the solar energy through the primary and secondary mirrors must be simplified and made less expensive. The cost of this component is too high. B. Fiber optics: The bundle of fibers must be packed more efficiently so that less solar energy falls between the fibers. C. Balance of plant: The system is too complicated and too expensive. The tracking system must be improved, as must the control system. The system must also be integrated into the conventional lighting system within the building. D. System integration and analysis. This technology is very immature. The R&D has only gone as far as a proof of concept. The system design must be refined. A more detailed analysis of the costs must be done as well as an analysis of the potential benefits of the technology. 4.3.5 Technical Approach and Tasks Passive Solar Water Heating Key objectives are to establish durability of the PICS, complete the polymer heat exchanger development, certify the systems, and assist in implementing novel manufacturing processes. These activities are heavily cost-shared. 1. Durability. Pipe-freezing limits the market for warm-climate systems. Clearer definition of geographical limitations based on the potential for pipe-freezing must be established for all passive system types, including those using extensible polymer piping and freeze-protection valves. For the RITH system, existing field installations will continue to be monitored. For the PICS, a dual-level approach using both materials testing and system testing is optimal for building confidence at the lowest cost. 2. Materials testing. Accelerated materials testing is the most efficient way to project material lifetimes. Polycarbonate glazings are subject primarily to UV degradation (yellowing, cracking, and eventually mechanical failure). UV degradation testing using three complementary approaches (outdoors, chamber, and UV-concentrator) has been ongoing and will continue beyond the 20-year equivalent point for the industry samples. Previous work has identified a promising UV-protection coating product, Korad. Korad-coated polycarbonates have not shown any optical degradation at the 8-year-equivalent dose point, reached in FY 2002. Absorbers are being tested for creep and temperature-induced degradation. Prototype polymer heat-exchanger tubing is being tested for resistance to damage from high chlorine concentrations, and for resistance to buildup of scale. 3. System testing. There are two types of system tests: torture tests that focus on high-stress situations like hail impact, high winds, high/low temperature performance, and mechanical abuse; and field tests that verify performance and durability under normal conditions. Both types of testing will be continued through FY 2004. 4. Building codes. The RITH system will be submitted for rating and certification by SRCC. Problems are not anticipated. The PICS systems are being submitted to SRCC and the International Code Council Evaluation Service (ICC-ES) on an informal basis to get feedback on any issues. SRCC needs procedures for qualification and rating of polymer-based systems. 5. Manufacturing. Design and implementation of manufacturing will be funded mostly by the industry partners. Assistance will be provided for those aspects that are novel and necessary to achieve the low- cost goals. For RITH, assistance will be provided on laser welding of fin-tube assembly and a new Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 108PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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