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Table 4.3-3 Technical Targets — Hybrid Solar Lighting Characteristics Energy displacement efficiency Projected installed $/Wp Projected payback period (Sun Belt) Projected relative lifecycle cost Projected LEC savings Projected system cost/m2 of collector area Delivered lumens/m2 collector area Projected cost of delivered lumens (peak) 2003 status 52%–250% $10/Wp 20 years $20,000 $0.41/kWh $10,000/m2 40,000 lum $0.16/lump 2007 goal 70%–315% $2.00/Wp 4 years $5,000 $0.12/kWh 2,000/m2 50,000 lum $0.035/lump Note: Energy displacement efficiency is the amount of electrical power displaced per unit incident solar power available. 4.3.4 Technical Barriers 4.3.4.1 Passive Solar Water Heating Durability. Passive ICS collectors are appropriate for warm climates, but polymer ICS systems include materials that are new to the building market. A. Continued exposure testing is needed to show that properly UV-protected polycarbonates and acrylics do not yellow or fail mechanically. B. The polymer absorbers are potentially subject to degradation and failure at high temperatures; uncertainty stemming from generally unavailable high-temperature data needs to be resolved. C. Heat exchangers—whether first-generation copper tubing or polymer tubing under development— can fail under high temperature and pressure, because of chlorine damage and scale accumulation (which blocks passageways). D. At the system level, pipe freezing of the supply/return pipes has always been an issue for passive systems when they are installed in climates that have occasional hard freezes. E. Current systems are backed up by conventional water heaters, adding to system cost. Building codes. Code bodies routinely approve metal-glass thermosiphon systems, and it is unlikely major concerns will arise with the RITH. On the other hand, the new materials introduced in the polymer integral collector storage (PICS) systems raise several questions. F. SWH code bodies (SRCC and others) must conduct certification testing of solar collectors. G. Polymer collector materials and system designs must be accepted by building code officials. H. Appropriate methods for rating unpressurized ICS with immersed load-side heat exchangers are required. Manufacturing. For the roto-molded PICS, the tank and glazing production will likely be outsourced initially, and there are no serious challenges. Manufacturing for the other collector types will be in dedicated facilities. Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan 106PDF Image | Solar Energy Technologies Program
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