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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 Research Paper WASTE HEAT RECOVERY USING STIRLING ENGINE aProf. Alpesh V. Mehta*, bRajdevsinh K. Gohil , cJaydeepkumar P. Bavarva, dBiren J. Saradava Address for Correspondence a Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Godhra bGET, L & T Ltd, Hazira, cGET, Atul Ltd, Atul, dPG Student, Marwadi College Of Engineering And Technology, Rajkot. ABSTRACT Waste heat is that heat which is generated in a process by way of fuel combustion or chemical reaction, and then dumped into the environment even though it could still be reused for some useful and economic purpose. There exist today worldwide concerns about the best ways of using the deployable sources of energy, and of developing techniques to reduce pollution. This interest has encouraged research and development for re-use of the usually wasted forms of energy. There are many methods through which waste heat energy can be recovered and utilized. Stirling engines are mechanical devices working theoretically on the Stirling cycle. It uses air, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or even vapors as working fluids. The Stirling engine offers possibility for having high efficiency engine with less exhaust emissions in comparison with the internal combustion engine. We had manufactured a gamma type sterling engine which operates at high temperature difference. Our ultimate aim is to develop Low Temperature Difference (LTD) Stirling engine and for that modification in existing design is going on. 1. INTRODUCTION For any developing country energy acts as a catalyst in the process of expansion and development of the country. India ranks sixth in the world in total energy consumption and needs to accelerate the development of the sector to meet its growth aspirations. Development of Stirling engines is preceding world- wide in spite of their admittedly higher cost because of their high efficiency, particularly at part load, their ability to use any source of heat, their quiet operation, their long life and their non-polluting character. They were generally called air engines and were characterized by high reliability and safety, but low specific power. A great variety of experimental Stirling engines have been built from the same general principles to directly pump blood, generate electricity, or directly generate hydraulic power. Many are used as heat pumps and some can be used as both heat pumps and heat engines depending upon the adjustment. 1.1 Different Ways of Utilizing the rejected Energy 1.1.1 Power Generation Thermal Power Plant: It follows Rankine cycle and uses fossil fuels as heat source. Because of large amount of heat is rejected in condenser, it is having efficiency around 25 to 35 %. Nuclear Power Plant: It also follows Rankine cycle but uses nuclear fuel rod as heat source. Because of large amount of heat is rejected in condenser, it is having efficiency around 30 %. Gas Turbine Power Plant: It works on Brayton cycle. Generally they are of open type and uses fossil fuels in gaseous form as heat source. It efficiency is around 40 %. 1.1.2 Process Industries There are various process industries like steel plant, cement plant, various refineries which use large amount of fossil fuels and reject large amount of heat inexhausts. 1.1.3 Automotive Applications I.C. engines are widely used in automobiles, which generally use petrol, diesel and C.N.G. as a fuel. These engines rejects considerable amount of heat in exhaust and that’s why these engines are having low efficiency around 25 to 30 %. 1.2 Drawbacks of above Mentioned Energy Utilization Systems Most of above mentioned systems use fossil fuel as primary heat source and large amount of heat reject in to atmosphere which will lead to global warming, also whatever heat they rejecting in atmosphere which have some high grade or low grade energy according to exit temperature condition which will give us some useful work, then also they wasted. So we should go for west heat recovery systems. 2. WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMS Depending upon the type of process, waste heat can be rejected at virtually any temperature from that of chilled cooling water to high temperature waste gases from an industrial furnace or kiln. Usually higher the temperature, higher the quality and more cost effective is the heat recovery. In any study of waste heat recovery, it is absolutely necessary that there should be some use for the recovered heat. Typical examples of use would be preheating of combustion air, space heating, or pre-heating boiler feed water or process water. With high temperature heat recovery, a cascade system of waste heat recovery may be practiced to ensure that the maximum amount of heat is recovered at the highest potential. An example of this technique of waste heat recovery would be where the high temperature stage was used for air pre-heating and the low temperature stage used for process feed water heating or steam raising. 2.1 Basics of Waste Heat Recovery • Waste heat is heat, which is generated in a process by way of fuel combustion or chemical reaction, and then “dumped” into the environment even IJAET/Vol.III/ Issue I/January-March, 2012/305-310PDF Image | Research Paper WASTE HEAT RECOVERY USING STIRLING ENGINE
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