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Arruda Filho, R.R.D, Olliveira, S.D.R, Scalon,V.L and Padilha,A. Performance analysis of several fluids for an organic Rankine cycle used in an OTEC power plant - It is a renewable energy source; - It has a 24 h a day potential; - It produces fresh water; - The produced water can be used to cultivate aquaculture products; - The cold seawater can be used to air conditioning after OTEC use; - There are no costs associated with fuel; - The low operating temperatures and pressures reduce component costs. The OTEC plants, normally, using the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) in its operations, representing betters efficiency than conventional Rankine cycle operating between the same temperature differences. The organic Rankine cycle differences of conventional Rankine cycle for utilization of working fluid. While in the conventional Rankine cycle utilize organic fluids that require of one less quantity of heat to vaporize, being in this way can utilize heat source of median temperature. The saturation curve is one very important characteristic of working fluids at an ORC, being this characteristic affect the applicability of fluid and cycle efficiency (Hung, et al., 1997). The working fluids suitable for utilization at an organic Rankine cycle can be classified in three groups, according to the entropy-temperature diagram (Kosmadakis, et al., 2009): - Dry fluids, in general high molecular weight, such as R113; - Wet fluids, in general low molecular weight, such as water; - Isentropic fluids, possess a saturated vapor curve almost vertical, such as R11 and R12. In the ORC is desirable the use of dry and isentropic fluids, because these fluids have not became saturated after to produce work in the turbine because of an accented drop in its specific enthalpy (Kosmadakis, et al., 2009). Besides, as the most of organic fluids suffer chemical decomposition and temperature high and pressures, an ORC system must operate very below of temperature and pressure which the fluids are chemically unstable (Hung, et al., 1997). The present paper has objective to analyze the performance of fluids R12, R152a, R134A and R500 for an ORC utilized at an OTEC plant for production of 100 MW. In this work, the performance of each fluid is evaluated through a relation between net power developed from cycle and total area of heat exchange of boiler and condenser. This parameter is called specific power and was proposed to Wu and Burke, 1998. For each one of the four fluids will be determined the best point of operation of cycle in function of boiler and condenser operation pressures, in others words, the point of maximum specific power. The organic Rankine cycle is analyzed in steady state, with variation of kinetics and potential energy despise. The turbine and the pump are considered adiabatic with isentropic efficiency acquaintance. The flow in the boiler and condenser are considered without pressure drop. 2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL A schematic ORC operating in an OTEC plant is shown in Fig. 1. This power plant closed, heat is transferred from the warm water of the ocean surface TW,i to the working fluid in a heat exchanger (boiler). Due to the low boiling point of organic fluids, it is assumed that the working fluid becomes a saturated vapor ( x3 = 1 ) at state 3 and expands into a turbine coupled to an electric generator to produce electricity. The steam at state 4 is sent to a second heat exchanger (condenser) where heat is transferred from the vapor to the cold water from the ocean bed TC,i, and then the working fluid returns as a saturated liquid ( x1 = 0 ) at state 1. The liquid is finally pumped to the state 2 and the process is repeated. ISSN 2176-5480 TW,i Turbine 3 4 TC,o Boiler Condenser 1 TW,o 2 TC,i Pump Figure 1. Scheme of a closed cycle of an OTEC plant. 601PDF Image | PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FLUIDS R12, R152A, R134A AND R500 FOR AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE USED IN AN OTEC POWER PLANT
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