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22nd International Congress of Mechanical Engineering (COBEM 2013) November 3-7, 2013, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil Copyright © 2013 by ABCM PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FLUIDS R12, R152A, R134A AND R500 FOR AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE USED IN AN OTEC POWER PLANT Santiago del Rio Oliveira Unesp/Bauru – Mechanical Engineering Department e-mail: santiago@feb.unesp.br Ricardo Rabelo de Arruda Filho Unesp/Bauru – Mechanical Engineering Department e-mail: eng.rabelo@terra.com.br Vicente Luiz Scalon Unesp/Bauru – Mechanical Engineering Department e-mail: scalon@feb.unesp.br Alcides Padilha Unesp/Bauru – Mechanical Engineering Department e-mail: padilha@feb.unesp.br Abstract. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is a process that can produce electricity by using the temperature difference between deep cold ocean water and warm tropical surface waters. OTEC plants pump large quantities of deep cold seawater and surface seawater to run a power cycle and produce electricity. OTEC is firm power, a clean energy source, environmentally sustainable and capable of providing massive levels of energy. A performance study of the fluids R12, R152a, R134a and R500 was performed for the production of 100 MW in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) working in a power plant for ocean thermal energy conversion. The performance of the fluids was evaluated by the ratio between the net power developed by the cycle and the total area of heat transferred from the boiler and condenser. This parameter is called specific power. The specific power is determined through mass and energy balances in the ORC components and by the use of the arithmetic average temperature in boiler and condenser. Fluid properties were obtained using the Engineering Equation Solver (EES) for several boiler and condenser pressures. For each working fluid was obtained the surface graph indicating the optimum system operation point. Keywords: organic Rankine cycle, OTEC, optimization, power. 1. INTRODUCTION The world energy consumption has increasing each year, as well as, the concern with emission of carbon dioxide. Most of countries use fossil fuel for generation of electricity. In order to attend an increase of energetic demand and to decrease emission of carbon dioxide coming from burning of fossil fuel for generation of electricity, researches has been done in search of renewable sources of energy. Several are renewable sources of energy, however, some factors limit its utilization, like, implantation cost and low efficiency. In 1881, a French physicist called Jacques Arsene D’Arsonval discovered the concept of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC). His student, George Claude, built an experimental open-cycle OTEC plant at Matanzas Bay, Cuba in 1930. This plant produced 22 kW of electricity by using a low-pressure turbine (Gupta and Roy, 2007). This process consists of utilizing the temperature difference between the surface and deepest part of ocean for generation of electricity. The warm water coming from ocean surface is utilized to vaporize the working fluid for that the same can expand in the turbine generating work. The cold water coming from deepest part of ocean is utilized to condense the working fluid. Globally, three concepts of OTEC plant are acquaintance. They are: open-cycle, closed-cycle and hybrid- cycle (Gupta and Roy, 2007). In tropical and subtropical regions, the temperature difference between warm water from ocean surface and 1000 meters of depths water, exceed generally 20 oC, that is the minimum difference necessary to produce energy through OTEC plant (Luís, 2010). One OTEC plant is suitable for tropical oceans extending from 20 oN to 20o S of equator line (Gupta and Roy, 2007). One difficulties of implantation these plants are that due to small temperature difference between warm source and cold source the OTEC installations achieve lowest efficiency in the range from 6 % to 8 % (Masutani and Takahashi, 2001). The low efficiency in the conversion of energy of plant OTEC mean that more of 90 % thermic energy extracted from ocean surface is waste, being reject to cold part of ocean (Masutani and Takahashi, 2001). There are many advantages in the utilization of OTEC plant, as indicate below (Wu and Burke, 1998): - No pollution; 600 ISSN 2176-5480PDF Image | PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FLUIDS R12, R152A, R134A AND R500 FOR AN ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE USED IN AN OTEC POWER PLANT
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