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Table 10.1 Geothermal energy use in France for 2011. Another doublet has been realized on the same principle in the Neocomian aquifer (900 m depth, 34 °C temperature), for a district heating linked with 3.500 social households in Plessis-Robinson, near Paris (Figure 10.3). The ECOGI project started with the realization of the first well between September to December 2012; this EGS project aims at producing 24 MWth of industrial heat thanks to two deep wells (2,500m depth) located in Rittershoffen (Alsace). The produced heat will be transferred to Beinheim through a 15 km-long pipe and used in a starch factory. The well will be stimulated in 2013 and the second well will then be drilled. Six new applications for exploration permits have been registered in 2012, so that the number of permit applications that are being examined by the ministry for mines amounts to 18. Five exploration permits are currently valid, including the two ones issued in 2011 (Lauterbourg and Wissembourg, Alsace). In the overseas department the important 2012 actions were: Additional surface exploration is being performed on Martinique island, including geophysics (Figure 10.4). Surface exploration has started in Vieux-Habitants, which is located south of Bouillante in Guadeloupe island. The Interreg project “Caribbean Geothermal” has officially started. This 8.5 M€ project aims to accelerate geothermal development in the entire Caribbean region. The exploration drilling on Dominica island, funded by the French Agency for Development, has been performed and the results are promising. The expected potential exceeds the local demand of this independent island located between Guadeloupe and Martinique islands, so an electric interconnection with surrounding islands is being considered. 10.2 NationalProgramme In 2009, France set a target of 23% of renewable energies in its energy mix by 2020. This requires an additional annual 20 million toe of renewable energies to be produced by 2020, with 50% of the additional production expected from renewable heat and 50% from renewable electricity. Electricity Total Installed Capacity (MWe) Contribution to National Capacity (%) Total Generation (GWh) Contribution to National Demand (%) Direct Use Total Installed Direct Use (MWth) Total Heat Used (PJ/yr) [GWh/yr] Total Installed Capacity for Heat Pumps (MWth) Total Net Heat Pump Use (PJ/yr) [GWh/yr] (na = data not available) 17,7 na 56.6 0.01% 345 3.9 [1,094] 1,339 9.7 [2,707] A new policy has been implemented since 2005, mainly due to the ‘Grenelle de l’environnement’ process which aimed to redefine French policy for sustainable development and included input from industry, environmental associations, local authorities, state services, unions and experts. This policy strongly promotes all types of new geothermal. Geothermal heat use is expected to increase by a factor of five between 2006 and 2020, and 80 MW of geothermal electricity is expected to be installed in the overseas department in 2020. The geothermal installed capacity in France represents an equivalent saving of 494,000 tonnes of oil and around 1,596,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. 10.1 HighlightsandAchievements New geothermal direct use operations have been realised since 2007 in the Paris basin. Four geothermal doublets drilled in the Paris basin in the early 1980s, were rehabilitated in 2012: the one in Champigny-sur- Marne was transformed to a triplet (a new production well was drilled and the two existing wells became injection wells [Figure 10.1]), and for three other old doublets (Thiais and Maisons-Alfort 1 & 2), a casing relining has been performed. Various rehabilitations are still expected (Figure 10.2); some recent doublets have also been drilled from 2007 in addition to existing operations (ADP Orly, Aubervilliers, Val Maubuée). Moreover, one doublet has been realized in the Albian aquifer (650m depth), for a district heating in Issy-les- Moulineaux near Paris. With a 28 °C temperature and a 200 m3/h flow rate, this operation has a thermal capacity of 5.4 MW for heating and 1.3 MW for hot sanitary water, thanks to the use of heat pumps. 3PDF Image | IEA Geothermal Implementing Agreement
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