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1. Introduction The National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) supports and carries out the mission of the U.S. DOE National PV Subprogram. This work includes partnering with industry, university, and other federal research laboratories to aid and complement their efforts for developing and deploying economically competitive and reliable PV products (cells, modules, and systems). Inherent to these key support activities are: (1) state-of-the-art measurement and characterization laboratories that directly assist the program partners in the critical evaluation of their products; and (2) materials and device research facilities that provide both fundamental and applied research support for the PV Subprogram. Both aspects maintain the critical core research programs that are key to improving current technologies and are leading to next-generation technologies. Maintaining these core capabilities is identified as a high priority in the U.S. PV Industry Roadmap. In the current world context, these centralized activities are also key to maintaining the strategic and competitive edge over growing foreign competition, including laboratories in Europe and Asia that have established facilities analogous to the NCPV operations to assist their own industries and economies. To ensure the U.S. advantage in PV technology, it is critical to maintain support facilities, providing state-of-the-art equipment that can meet the growing needs of the U.S. Program toward meeting the performance and reliability goals of the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program Multi-Year Technical Plan (MYTP–see http://www.nrel.gov/docs/FY04osti/33875.pdf). 2. Technical Approach The U.S. PV program is in danger of losing its key leadership position and a critical technical resource that has been more than 25 years in the making. The capital equipment investments in the PV program have declined to insignificant levels since 1994, allowing for the replacement of only a few critical components annually (see Fig. 1). There have been almost no investments in our university resources. Maintenance and service costs have also escalated on existing major equipment due to age (see Fig. 2). In fact, several major systems are in jeopardy of becoming decommissioned because critical components are no longer available. Fig. 1. NREL PV program capital equipment funding (FY 1980–2004) The NCPV laboratories at NREL and SNL are the PV program leads for standards, measurements, and tests within the world PV community. But it is difficult to maintain technological and scientific leadership as investments in required capital equipment have steadily eroded. It has not been possible to invest in many newly available techniques and processes that have been developed since the last major capital equipment infusion in 1994. Much of the equipment in the NREL, SNL, and NCPV-partner university laboratories is generations removed from the state of the art. Fig. 2. NREL PV program measurements and characterization equipment maintenance costs During FY 2004, the DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program requested a multiyear capital equipment plan. NCPV managers prepared such a plan with inputs from leadingPDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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