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Photovoltaic R&D Subprogram Overview Richard J. King, Team Leader, Photovoltaic R&D The bulk of the Photovoltaic Subprogram’s activities are carried out through two primary research centers: the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, CO, and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), in Albuquerque, NM. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), in Upton, Long Island, New York, provides program support in the area of environmental health and safety. NREL, SNL, and BNL are all partners in the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV), which provides guidance to DOE PV research efforts. In addition, DOE’s Golden Field Office (GO), in Golden, CO, and the Albuquerque Operations Office (ALO), in Albuquerque, NM, administer and manage contracting activities assigned by headquarters. The PV Subprogram research is focused on increasing domestic capacity by lowering the cost of delivered electricity and improving the efficiency of modules and systems. We emphasize long- term innovative research, thin-film development, manufacturing R&D, and systems development and reliability. Long-term research is focused on “leapfrog” technologies such as polymers and nanostructures. In thin films, new levels of efficiency and stability in prototype modules have been achieved, as well as higher laboratory cell efficiencies. Near-term research is focused on reducing cost through manufacturing advancements and by improving system reliability. Goals and Objectives By 2006, the goal is to reduce the average cost of all grid-tied (battery-free) PV systems to the end user to $4.50/watt (W), from a median value of $6.25/W in 2000. This requires a reduction in the direct manufacturing cost of the PV module itself to $1.75/W, compared with a cost of $2.50/W in 2000. The result would be a reduction in the average cost of electricity generated by PV systems from a current $.24/kWh to $.18/kWh. These are broad program goals that must be refined for specific applications. Objectives for utility-scale applications go beyond the general goal because of the nature of utility applications. Objectives for residential grid-connected systems are somewhat less aggressive than the overall goal because of specific conditions in these applications. Results and Accomplishments In the area of basic research, the university contracts that support crystalline silicon research were recompeted, with a focus on innovative silicon crystal growth methods that improve throughput, conversion efficiency, and lower energy and material costs. In FY 2004, the high-performance advanced research area achieved the following record efficiencies: 37.3% for a 3-junction terrestrial concentrator cell and 19.5% for a thin-film cell. Present efforts are directed toward choosing and improving materials and processes that can maximize performance and have the potential for low-cost manufacturing. The Thin Film PV Partnership received a 2004 R&D 100 Award, its seventh joint R&D 100 Award. In addition, NREL-supported thin-film technologies are resulting in significant acceleration in thin-film manufacturing and sales. Another milestone achieved in the thin-film R&D area was the recompetition of the Thin Film Partnerships in the summer of 2004, in time for contract awards in FY 2005. The new solicitation will seek a whole-system approach to reducing costs by increasing the manufacturability, efficiency, and reliability of systems by working with industry in a 50/50 cost-shared partnership.PDF Image | FY 2004 ANNUAL REPORT DOE Solar
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