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Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic PUC 16 Social Issues Energy is closely linked to an assortment of social issues, including poverty, population growth, urbanisation and a lack of opportunities for women. By far however, poverty17 is the overriding social consideration for developing countries. “The energy consumption patterns of poor people – especially their reliance on traditional fuels in rural areas --- tend to keep them impoverished.”18 According to the WEO 2002, approximately 1.6 million people now lack electricity, 80% of them in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa; 4 out of 5 of them live in rural areas. 2.4 billion people in developing countries rely heavily on traditional biomass19 for cooking and heating and this continues to have significant implications on productivity, health, gender and the environment, see figure 2 above. By 2030, in the absence of radical new policies, 1.4 billion will still have no electricity and 2.6 billion people in developing countries will continue to rely on biomass. Energy Security Figure 3 – Proven Gas Reserves Courtesy of World Energy Outlook 2002 Energy security, that is the availability of energy at all times in various forms, in sufficient quantities, and at affordable prices is a central issue because of the uneven distribution both of the fossil fuel resource on which most countries rely and of the capacity to develop other resources. According to the WEO 2002, oil resources will remain abundant for the next thirty years. At January 1, 2001, the world total in proven gas reserves was 164 tcm. Ultimate remaining resources, including proven reserves are estimated at 453 – 527 tcm, see figure 3. Although there seem to be no immediate physical limits to the world’s energy supply, the potential for conflict, sabotage, terrorism, disruption of trade and reduction in strategic reserves remain on the agenda as security issues and indicate the need to strengthen global as well as regional and national energy security20. In the final analysis, the study highlights four strategic energy challenges predicted to confront the world over the next thirty years. These are; ß Security of energy supplies 17 according to the WEO, poverty refers to individual’s lack of access, associated primarily with inadequate income, to basic human needs such as food, shelter, fuel, clothing, safe water, sanitation, healthcare and education. 18 ibid, pg. 7 19 Biomass is a renewable energy resource derived from the carbonaceous waste of various human and natural activities. It is derived from numerous sources, including the by-products from the timber industry, agricultural crops, raw material from the forest, major parts of household waste and wood. 20 Energy for Sustainable Development, ibid, pg. 32PDF Image | Energy for Sustainable Development Toward a National Energy Strategy for Belize Energy Sector Diagnostic
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