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PowerMEMS 2013 IOP Publishing Journal of Physics: Conference Series 476 (2013) 012079 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/476/1/012079 Electrostatic Thermal Energy Harvester Using Unsteady Temperature Change Junya Yoshida, Kenichi Morimoto, and Yuji Suzuki1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan E-Mail: ysuzuki@mesl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Abstract: A model electrostatic thermal generator using unsteady temperature change is proposed. The device consists of a capacitor based on high-permittivity ceramics, and an electret layer serving as a permanent voltage source. Connecting them in series, permittivity change by temporal temperature change alters the amount of induced charges on the electrode thereby produces electric current in the external circuit. Optimum design parameters of the system have been obtained using a simplified circuit model. An early prototype using BaTiO3 ceramic as the dielectric and SiO2 as the electret is microfabricated, and its response is compared with the model prediction. Keywords: Thermal energy harvesting, Electret, Permittivity change, BaTiO3 1. INTRODUCTION Thermal energy harvesting from waste heat or body heat is useful for powering low-power electronics such as wireless sensor nodes [1]. The Seebeck effect is usually employed for getting electric power from steady temperature gradients, where thermal impedance matching is an important design strategy [2]. MEMS thermoelectric devices with thermal insulation structures are developed for that purpose [3, 4]. On the other hand, transient temperature gradient is also relevant as energy sources. Moser et al. [5] propose thermoelectric harvesters from temperature difference between ambient air and large backside thermal capacitance such as road tunnel wall, and reported that the thermal cut-off frequency plays an important role in their design. Temporal temperature change during aircraft flights is also an interesting application, because the air temperature is decreased to -50 oC at the cruising altitude [6-8]. Samson et al. [7] developed a thermoelectric generator prototype using phase change material (PCM) as the backside thermal capacitance, and made a series of in-flight tests by installing the device on fuselage. Pyroelectric is an alternative method to extract electricity from transient temperature change, where temporal temperature change can be directly used for energy conversion. Sebald et al. [9] made detailed comparison between thermoelectric and pyroelectric energy conversion, and reported that the conversion efficiency with pyroelectric can be much higher than that with thermoelectric. Thermal engines using pyroelectric device such as PZT or P(VDF-TrFE) are also proposed [10, 11]. In the present study, we propose electret-based electrostatic induction for thermal energy harvesting from unsteady temperature change. If compared with the pyroelectric principle, the present power generation principle should be more robust against excessive temperature variation. 1 Correspondence to: Yuji Suzuki E-mail: ysuzuki@mesl.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1PDF Image | Electrostatic Thermal Energy Harvester Using Unsteady Temperature Change
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