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Equivalent NREL Exposure Time (years) 1000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 APS FLA NREL WOM 95 90 85 80 0.0 3.3 6.7 10.0 13.3 16.7 20.0 23.3 26.6 Total UV Dose (100 x MJ/m2) 30.0 33.3 36.6 Fig. 3. Loss of solar-weighted reflectance of Naugatuck thin-glass mirrors with Cu back layer and Pb-free paint as a function of APS, FLA, NREL, and WOM exposure. Although glass mirrors with copper back layers and heavily leaded paints have been considered robust for outdoor use, the new copper-free back- layer and lead-free paint systems were designed for interior mirror applications. Their outdoor durability must be determined. 3.2 Aluminized Mirrors Aluminized reflectors use a polished aluminum substrate, an enhanced aluminum reflective layer, and a protective oxidized topcoat. The major concern has been poor durability of such materials in urban and industrialized (polluted) locations. An improved anodized aluminum mirror incorporated a protective polymeric overcoat onto aluminized aluminum. However, specularity degraded with outdoor exposure at Arizona, Florida, and Colorado (NREL) and with accelerated exposure in the WOM. Alanod stopped selling this material in FY 2004 for outdoor use because of problems associated with the delamination of the overcoat. Alanod worked to solve the problem and improve outdoor durability; new samples received in the fourth quarter of FY 2005 are undergoing testing. The company will commercially reintroduce the reflector in early FY 2006. 3.3 Silvered Polymer Reflectors A polymeric solar reflector was developed through collaborative research with ReflecTech. In FY2001, a small pilot run demonstrated that production could be achieved using standard commercial film converter equipment. This initial pilot-run material shows no significant loss in solar-weighted reflectance after 2.5 years of real- Solar Thermal R&D Concentrating Solar Power time outdoor exposure in Golden, Colorado. In addition, samples exposed in accelerated outdoor weathering tests (natural sunlight in Phoenix, Arizona, concentrated 7 to 8 times with a Fresnel- reflector while samples are cooled with a fan to near-ambient conditions and sprayed with deionized water 8 min per natural sun hour) are near a 10-year equivalent time period, and show no significant loss in solar-weighted reflectance. However, WOM results showed significant reflectance loss earlier than anticipated. Prototype materials to test modifications to the baseline construction were produced. These tests were successful in identifying changes to the baseline construction that dramatically improved the WOM durability of the reflective film. These improvements were then incorporated into a new pilot plant production run delivered late FY 2004; durability testing is ongoing and the material is being deployed. We expect the new reflector to considerably outperform the original material (which has maintained durability after 10 equivalent years of accelerated outdoor exposure), however testing has only recently been initiated, and further real time exposure will be needed to determine its actual lifetime. Equivalent NREL Exposure Time (years) 1000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 95 90 85 80 75 70 0 3.3 6.6 9.9 Total UV Dose (100 x MJ/m2) 23.1 26.4 Original Prototype- NREL Old Pilot Plant run prototype- NREL New Pilot Plant run prototype -NREL Original Prototype -WOM Old Pilot Plant run prototype - WOM New Pilot Plant Run Prototype - WOM 13.2 16.5 19.8 Fig. 4. Loss of reflectance of initial pilot run and most promising new variation as a function of NREL and WOM exposure. 3.4 Advanced Solar Reflective Mirror (ASRM) The ASRM developed under a subcontract with SAIC (which ended 9/30/04), has a silvered specular substrate protected by an alumina coating several microns thick. The alumina hard coat is deposited by ion-beam-assisted deposition (IBAD). Samples of this “super thin glass technology” have been deposited at 20 nm/s both by batch and a laboratory roll-coater. Many samples prepared have maintained 95% hemispherical reflectance after more than 4 years 122 Solar Weighted Hemispherical Reflectance % Hemipherical ReflectancePDF Image | DOE Solar Energy Technologies Program
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