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The use of oil and gas compounds a complicated dependency on non-renewable re- sources. This is further exacerbated where the reserves of these resources are not evenly distributed among states. Additionally, the use of these energies results in the emission of greenhouse gases, which pose severe environmental threats in the form of global warming and climate change. Taking this into consideration and, given that the current overwhelming dependence on coal, oil and gas for power gen- eration, heating and transport is likely to continue for some considerable time into the future, there is need for increasing attention to be given to improving efficiency and the development of methods for carbon sequestration (Harrison and Hester 2003:v). However, despite the constantly growing demand and dependence on various types of energy, many populations throughout the world do not have access to electric- ity. This reality reflects not only the unequal distribution of conventional energy re- sources, but also the unequal access to energy. Such inequality spurs remarks that “it is unconscionable that in this age of a global, digitally-connected economy, fully 1.6 billion people – one in every four people living on the planet – do not have access to electricity” (Callahan 2009:58). Energy security is about preserving and ensuring sustainable energy sources and resources, and more importantly, it is about being able to meet the increasing energy consumption demands given that, “the rate of energy consumption is predicted to triple over the next 50 years or so, emphasizing the need to develop novel sources with lower environmental impact” (Harrison and Hester 2003:5). The rapid rate of increase is important and critical to understand how to progress in the future. However, increasing energy consumption rates must be counteracted by a limitless, or at least constant, energy supply. This situation will inevitably be “adding further to security challenges, meeting the projected growth in demand with diminishing, carbon-based resources simply is not a sustainable op- tion, meaning that new alternative fuels and technologies will have to be developed and commercialised” (Callahan 2009:58). With respect to new alternative and renewable energies, it is commendable that many Caribbean states have been making great progress toward achieving energy security. The energy political economy has reflected unstable and unpredictable trends given rapid shifts in either price or supply. One reality, however, is that the demand for energy has not declined. The continued and persistent growth of any country or economy is based fundamentally on energy. Essentially, all production or manufacturing activities require electricity. The energy context of the Caribbean states must be highlighted. All Caribbean coun- tries have one common resource in overwhelming abundance: the sun. The huge potential for harnessing solar energy in the region is unprecedented elsewhere. Car- ibbean countries are in this regard attempting to utilize a resource of limitless abun- dance, and with no undesired side effects. In particular, Barbados is leading the way with solar technology and solar-powered water-heating systems. Continuing with the contextualization of Caribbean nations, the access to solar pow- er does not automatically mean that implementing an infrastructure to harness so- ENERGY SECURITY OF THE CARIBBEAN 105PDF Image | Confronting the Energy Security Dilemma of the Caribbean
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