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Lindahl, P. and R. W. Jameson. Plume Abatement and Water Conservation with the Wet/Dry Cooling Tower. CTI Journal 14, (1993). Notes: One of the classic references on hybrid wet/dry cooling towers for both plume abatement and water conservation. Excellent descriptions of the configuration and thermodynamic operating principles of the several tower types are given. Attention is given to the selection of the design point for real applications. No cost information is included. No references. March, F. and F. Schulenberg. GEA-Information: Air cooled condenser for a 160 MW steam power station, planning of the plant and experience gained in two years of operation. 70. Bochum, Germany, GEA-Kühlturmbau und Luftkondensation, GmbH. Notes: Review of two years operating experience on the air-cooled condenser at the 160 MWe power plant in Utrillas, Spain. The performance data confirmed the design calculations and demonstrated a reserve capacity of about 8%. No serious operating problems were noted. Annual cleaning with compressed air blowing during operation was sufficient to maintain performance. No efficiency loss was observed as a result of windy conditions. No cost information is provided. No references. Mathews, R.T. Air cooling in chemical plants. Chemical Engineering Progress 55, 68-72 (1959). Notes: An old reference which analyzes the use of air-cooled heat exchangers in the chemical process industry. Contains a detailed set of considerations and criteria for deciding when air cooling is potentially a preferred choice. Some discussion of design temperature selection based on site meteorology. Suggested design temperature is the “2% temperature”. (The temperature that is exceeded for 175 hours per year.) Many of the considerations are appropriate for power plant applications, although the economic evaluation discussion is quite limited. No references. Maze, R.W. Air vs. Water Cooling. The Oil and Gas Journal 74-78 (1974). Notes: Comparison of air and water cooled heat exchangers for petrochemical applications. Typical values for temperature differences and comparative costs are provided. Attention is given to problems related to cold weather operation. Cost information would be difficult to translate for power plant applications. 3 references. McHale, C.E.e.al. New Developments in Dry Cooling of Power Plants. Combustion 28-36 (1990). Notes: Description of the advanced phase-change dry cooling system developed and tested by EPRI and the USDOE in the 1980’s. The system was an indirect dry cooling system with a surface condenser and an ammonia loop between the condenser and the dry tower, thus eliminating the condenser range from the temperature difference between the ambient dry bulb and the steam condensing temperature. Comparisons are provided with other cooling system designs and the costs and incentives for the use of dry cooling are reviewed. 18 references. Merchant Power on the Go Power Engineering ( July, 2000). Annotated Bibliography of Cooling System Literature A-13PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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