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Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs

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Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs ( comparison-alternate-cooling-technologies-california-power-p )

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Annotated Bibliography of Cooling System Literature Notes: Description of design and performance of the thermal storage components of the advanced phase-change ammonia dry cooling system developed and tested by EPRI and USDOE. No copy currently available. Kosten, H. and R. Wyndrum. Wet, Dry and Hybrid Systems--A Comparison of Thermal Performance. EPRI TR-104867. 95. Palo Alto,CA, Electric Power Research Institute. Notes: Describes the choices available for condensing and cooling systems for the condensation of turbine exhaust steam. The paper describes the major types of system and their operating characteristics, operating and maintenance costs and other selection considerations. Life cycle cost analyses are discussed. Problem check lists for wet, dry and wet/dry systems are given. Simplified cost comparisons are included. An excellent introductory survey of the subject. No references. Kroeger, D.G. Air-cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers. Begell House, New York (1998). Notes: Comprehensive text on the design and performance of dry cooling systems. The text is over 600 pages long. The 10 Sections and 3 appendices give a detailed treatment of the fluid flow, heat transfer and thermodynamic theory of cooling systems complete with detailed worked examples. Descriptions of operating plants using dry cooling, the effects of different meteorological conditions and methods for selection of optimum systems are presented. The several hundred references catalog the up-to-date literature of the field as of 1998. (Information to obtain the book is available at the Begell House, Inc. website; http://wwwbegellhouse.com/heat_exchangers/aircooled.html) LaRonge, Thomas M. Bugs and Bugaboos of Cooling System Components. 2000. Cooling Technology Institute. Notes: Review of cooling tower problems associated with water quality control. Emphasis is on microbial induced corrosion problems and methods for ameliorating and correcting such problems. A brief review of mechanical failures and their cause is presented. Largely qualitative discussion based on author’s considerable experience in cooling tower water treatment and maintenance. 1 reference. LeFevre, M.R. New Technology and Cooling Tower Design Practices. Combustion 28-32 (1977). Notes: General discussion of various types of cooling towers. Discussion is limited to wet systems and includes mechanical and natural draft towers, round mechanical draft towers and fan-assisted, natural-draft towers. A brief review of where in the U.S. the various designs choices are preferred (as of 1977). No references. Li, K. W. and W. Sadiq. Computer-Aided Optimization of Cooling Systems. Computers in Engineering Conference No. 3. pp. 165-171. 85. ASME International. Notes: A relatively simplified optimization method for power plant cooling systems. Presents a case study for a mechanical draft wet cooling tower on a 670 MWe plant. The effect of varying approach and condenser terminal temperature difference is illustrated. No detailed optimization of tower design variables is attempted. No cost information is included. 4 references. A-12

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