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Annotated Bibliography of Cooling System Literature Conradie, T. A. and D. G. Kröger. Enhanced Performance of a Dry-Cooled Power Plant through Air Precooling. 91. International Power Generation Conference, San Diego, CA. Notes: Study of the use of spray enhancement cooling to reduce capacity loss at dry cooled plants on hot days. Thermodynamic calculations of the effect of adiabatic pre-cooling of tower inlet air by water injection into the air stream is presented. Po0lynomial curve fits are given to relate plant output to tower cold water return temperature. A worked example is given for a power pant and annual water consumption and annual power output is calculated for a range of ambient temperatures. No attention is given to the design of the spray enhancement system or to potential operating problems for the tower. It is assumed throughout that the finned tube surfaces remain dry. 5 references. Cooper, George P. and J. W. Cooper, Jr. Watts Bar Nuclear Unit 1 Cooling Tower Thermal Performance Upgrade: A Value ADD Engineering Approach” . EPRI TR-104867. 94. Notes: Summary of a TVA upgrade of a natural draft wet cooling tower at the Watts Bar nuclear power plant. Modifications to the tower’s fill system and the spray nozzles resulted an improvement in tower performance from 88% (12% shortfall) to 106% of design capability and an effective increase of 6 MWe in the capability of the plant. The cost of the upgrade of about $1.5 million as recovered in one year of operation. 4 references. Cuchens, J. W. and R. J. VanSickle. Crossflow Cooling Tower Performance Upgrade. EPRI TR- 104867. 94. Notes: Review of several upgrade possibilities to improve the performance of mechanical draft, cross-flow wet cooling towers. The several possibilities considered ranged from the installation of auxiliary towers, adding cells to the existing tower, refurbishing towers with new fill and converting from cross-flow to counter-flow. The benefit to cost ratio was found to be significantly better (~ x4.) for the auxiliary tower option than for any of the others (~ x1. To x2.). 2 references. Curcio, John et al. Advanced Dry Cooling Tower Concept. 75. Cambridge, MA, Energy Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Notes: No information available. Ecker, J.G. and R. D. Wiebking. Optimal Design of a Dry-Type Natural-Draft Cooling Tower by Geometric Programming. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 26, 305-323 (1978). Notes: An optimization program for designing natural draft dry towers. The emphasis is on the mathematical formulation of a constrained optimizations problem. The objective function to be minimized is the total (operating plus fixed) annual cost with specified performance constraints. The design goes to the level of finned tube bank details (tube size and spacing, fin height, spacing and thickness). There are two worked examples. The cost numbers are chosen without derivation or justification but merely to enable an example calculation. 18 references. Eldredge, T. V. Cooling Tower Modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics. EPRI TR- 104867. 95. Palo Alto, CA, Electric Power Research Institute. Notes: Presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to calculating cooling tower performance and how it is affected by meteorological conditions, tower geometry, water flow rate, flow maldistribution, fill plugging and other three dimensional effects. The results are A-6PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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