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the choice made for replacing lost capacity. The use of a separate wet tower to handle some of the cooling duty on the hottest days was also examined and found to be a big economic advantage even if only a small amount of water was available. 37 references. Christopher, P.J. and V. T. Forster. Rugeley Dry Cooling Tower System . Proc. Instn. Mech. Engrs. 184, Pt. 1, 197-221 (1969). Notes: A detailed description of one of the first large scale dry cooling systems---a natural draft, barometric condenser (Heller system) at the Rugeley Power Station in the U.K. Full descriptions of the design, materials selection, and operating data are provided. Operation and maintenance experience is reviewed with particular attention to corrosion issues. An extensive discussion and authors’ replies are attached expanding somewhat on the question of whether the tower was properly optimized. (It appears that the tower was perhaps oversized to economically optimized.) Very little cost information is included. 2 references. Conradie, A.E. and D. G. Kröger. Performance Evaluation of Dry-Cooling Systems for Power Plant Applications. Applied Thermal Engineering 16, 219-232 (1996). Notes: A performance model for dry cooling systems. A detailed model is formulated of the relevant mass, momentum and energy balance equations and engineering design relations for dry cooling systems in power plant applications. Worked examples for both natural and forced draft cases are given. The model gives both capital and operating costs over the life of the plant. It can be used to conduct sensitivity analyses to determine savings associated with small changes in many design choices. 31 references. Conradie, A.E., J. D. Buys, and D. G. Kröger. Performance Optimization of Dry-Cooling Systems for Power Plants through SQP Methods. Applied Thermal Engineering 18, 25-45 (1998). Notes: A dry cooling system optimization method (see also Ecker and Wiebking, 1978) formulated as a non-linear constrained problem using the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method. The objective function to be minimized is the ratio of total system cost to plant output. A detailed cost estimating methodology is included. Examples for both a natural and forced draft system are given. The emphasis is on the development and description of the methodology rather than the results so there is little quantitative discussion of costs. 36 references. Conradie, T. A. and D. G. Kröger. Enhanced Performance of a Dry-Cooled Power Plant through Air Precooling. ASME Paper No. 91-JPGC-Pwr-6 Presented at the International Power Generation Conference. 91. Notes: Study of the use of spray enhancement cooling to reduce capacity loss at dry cooled plants on hot days. Thermodynamic calculations of the effect of adiabatic pre-cooling of tower inlet air by water injection into the air stream is presented. Po0lynomial curve fits are given to relate plant output to tower cold water return temperature. A worked example is given for a power pant and annual water consumption and annual power output is calculated for a range of ambient temperatures. No attention is given to the design of the spray enhancement system or to potential operating problems for the tower. It is assumed throughout that the finned tube surfaces remain dry. 5 references. Annotated Bibliography of Cooling System Literature A-5PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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