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Emerging Technologies The evaporative condenser provides a cooling system alternative with capital cost and auxiliary power requirements about halfway between the wet and dry systems evaluated in Section 5. Design choices are available both for conditions of unlimited water availability and for conditions where some water use constraints exist. The system is not an economical choice for conditions where water availability is severely limited; maximum achievable water conservation is about one-half that of a wet cooling system. In water-conserving applications, the cost of the unit approximately doubles, and the power requirements increase by approximately 20 to 30%. The unit also incurs substantial efficiency and capacity penalties while operating in the dry mode. The costs and power requirements are well below those for an all-dry system but only 50% of the annual water savings can be realized and, during periods of wet operation, the withdrawal rates are the same as for wet cooling systems. For cases of unlimited water availability, where the evaporative condenser would compete with wet cooling towers, the estimated cost for the four case study sites ranges from 1.5 to 2 times those for wet cooling tower surface condenser presented in Section 5. Evaporative condensers also have higher auxiliary power requirements. They provide some ancillary benefits, however, including the ability to operate in a plume abatement mode during colder periods, the ability to operate with lower-quality water without scaling or corrosion, and improved characteristics in freezing conditions. These qualities led to its choice in the MassPower application as described in Section 3. References California Energy Commission (CEC, 2001a), Environmental Performance Report of California’s Electric Generation Facilities, P700-01-001, July, 2001 Bonger, R. and R. Chandron. New Developments in Air-cooled Steam CondensingPalo Alto, CA: EPRI; 1995: Paper 18. Staff report. Single row condensers build on success. 1998 Jul: 43. Kroeger, D. G. Air-cooled Heat Exchangers and Cooling Towers. New York: Begell House; 1998. Maulbetsch, J. S. and M. N. DiFilippo. Spray Cooling Enhacement of Air-Cooled Condensers, Madadnia, J and H. Koosha. Proceedings of XIIth International Conference on Cooling Towers; Sydney, Australia. International Association of Hydraulic Research; 2001. Balogh, Andras and Z. Takacs. Developing Indirect Dry Cooling Systems for Modern Power Plants [Web Page]. 1998. Available at: http://www.nemesis.at/publication/gpi_98_2/articles/33.html . Summary and Conclusions 9-7PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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