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Environmental Impacts The question has been posed as to whether dry cooling may also have a biological impact in the form of “atmospheric entrainment” losses in which insects, or even birds, may be drawn into the large air stream passing through an ACC. There is no research or information on this question currently available, but further investigation may be warranted in the future. Agriculture and Soils Deleterious impacts of power plant cooling systems on surrounding agriculture have not been an issue except in a few special circumstances. One notable study was conducted in the mid-1970s at the Potomac Electric Power Company’s Chalk Point Station in Maryland. In that case, the towers were run on brackish make-up water with a circulating water salinity comparable to sea water (35,000 ppm TDS); the towers were hyperbolic natural draft towers with a plume exit plane elevation of about 400 feet; and the plant was located in a tobacco-growing region with a specialty crop of leaves intended for use as the outer wrappers of cigars. High-salinity droplet deposition on the leaves could create small, discolored spots, making a leaf unusable without in any way affecting the health of the plant or the quality of the soil. Even under these conditions, the risk was eventually determined to be negligibly small, and the plant and towers continued to operate with no special controls and no adverse impact on the region’s agricultural activity. Summary On balance, the environmental effects of dry and wet/dry systems are reduced in comparison to wet systems, but case-by-case analyses should be conducted to identify important site-specific effects for any system chosen. The most important environmental effects of wet systems arise from water consumption, water and waste discharge, intake losses (entrainment or impingement), drift, and visible plumes. The use of dry cooling essentially eliminates all of these effects; wet/dry systems can be operated to eliminate the visible plume and to reduce the other effects by an amount proportional to the reduction in water consumption relative to all-wet systems. In some other cases, the effects of dry cooling are greater than for wet systems. Specifically, dry cooling towers are physically larger and hence create a correspondingly greater visual impact than wet towers; the reduced plant efficiency which occurs during certain hotter periods of the year from the use of dry cooling results in higher fuel consumption and correspondingly higher air emissions from the combustion processes in the plant; and the noise from air-cooled systems is comparable to or greater than that from wet towers unless special provisions for low-noise fans are made. In addition, dry systems entrain more air than wet systems, creating the possibility of an increased “atmospheric entrainment” impact. References 1. Cahill, J. P. Interim Decision In the Matter of an Application for a State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit by the Athens Generating Co., LP. Albany, NY: State of New York, Dept. of Environmental Conservation; 2000 Jun; DEC No. 4-1922-00055/00001. 6-10PDF Image | Comparison of Alternate Cooling Technologies for California Power Plants Economic, Environmental and Other Tradeoffs
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