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Feedstock composition Physical properties Other The ratio between oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon in the feedstock affects the gasification process and should preferably be known. Catalytic conversion of the gas into fuels or chemicals is negatively affected by sulphur, phosphor and alkali metals. Gas turbines are less sensitive but corrosion and erosion may be problems. For indirect gasification, more volatile substances and less coke are desirable. Ash content and properties are important. Low ash melting point is a problem in FB gasification. Impurities may cause jams in feeding equipment. Metals are detrimental because they cause the corrosion of equipment and the sintering of bed material in FB gasifiers. The content of, for example, active silicon, phosphor, and calcium affects the ash melting behavior. Clay minerals may reduce potassium- related problems. Moisture levels should be below 10%–20% for syngas production (depending on gasification technology). EF gasifiers require lower moisture content than FB gasifiers do. Drying is often needed and could preferably be integrated with the gasification process. The desired particle size depends on gasification process, but, in general, the size must not vary much. EF gasifiers require a powder- like feed (particle size typically lower than 0.5 mm) but large fractions of too fine material may also cause problems. FB gasifiers are more tolerant to feed quality changes and larger particle sizes (up to 50 mm for BFB gasifiers). Materials that are too fine may cause problems, especially in BFB gasifiers, while CFB gasifiers are less sensitive. Raw material homogeneity is very important in gasification processes. The moisture level affects the consumption of the gasification agent, which must be carefully controlled. EF gasification is particularly sensitive to particle size variations. Feeding, especially to pressurized reactors, may be problematic. Bulk density is one important parameter. For the EF process, it is crucial to grind the feed into a suitable powder. Factors that affect the grindability, such as moisture content, are important. Less fibrous material, such as bark and torrefied materials, may be easier to use. 135 GasificationPDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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