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HIGHBIO2 PROJECT PUBLICATION 130 Stakeholder Survey We surveyed the existing knowledge about raw material quality requirements for biorefineries through a review of technical and scientific publications and through contacts with stakeholders. A questionnaire was used as the basis for acquiring information from stakeholders. A number of stakeholders were contacted and interviewed. The questionnaire was also emailed to a number of stakeholders. However, none of the stakeholders who received the questionnaire by email only responded. Results Some general observations can be made. First, since many of the biorefinery technologies are still in a development stage, there is no complete picture of their respective raw material requirements in industrial-scale applications. Some of the ongoing development work specifically aims at adapting the processes so that they can accept a wider range of feedstock qualities. Thus, there are no definite, fixed, raw material quality criteria that have to be met. Rather, it is a question about the trade-off between a stricter feedstock specification and a more complex process. It is also a question of where it is most efficient to perform feedstock preparation to adapt it to a specific process – at the place of manufacture or along the supply chain. A given process can often be adapted to handle specific feedstock problems, but variations in feedstock properties may be more difficult to handle. This difficulty means that a cost-efficient supply of a clean, homogenous, well-characterized feedstock would become a priority for the industry. Additionally, properties that affect the transportation, storage and feeding of the feedstock are important in most applications. In these aspects, cost per unit energy content would become a key parameter for biorefineries that produce energy products such as solid and liquid fuels, heat and electricity. For biorefineries based on sugar chemistry, the cost per unit mass of sugar molecules, as well as the composition of the sugars, would become important (e.g., cellulosic ethanol production via the biochemical route). Forest feedstock contains a huge variation of small-volume substances that could potentially be utilized for high-value chemical products. Certain parts of the tree, such as the knots, are richer in these substances. However, commercial developments within this area are scarce, and the present study has so far not been able to draw any general conclusions regarding feedstock requirements for these high-value chemical applications. The requirements will probably be highly specific to the individual application.PDF Image | BIOMASS TO ENERGY AND CHEMICALS HighBio2 Project Publication
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