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D-36 SL-5641 Final • Risks: Freeze protection in the solar field. The solar field must be maintained at temperatures higher than the freeze point. Impedance heating is envisioned for the HCEs. Nexant is currently working on a design for this. Special O&M procedures are required to drain and refill loops for maintenance. Solar salt corrodes graph-oil seals, and as such the current ball joints will not work with HitecXL. Sandia is working on flexhose and balljoint sealing options to resolve this issue. The receiver selective coating needs to withstand higher temperatures. The Solel cermet coating will hold up to 500°C in vacuum. It is only when vacuum is lost that this is a problem. The SunLab technology forecasts assume future storage will be based on the using HitecXL directly in the solar field and thermal energy storage. A number of alternative storage technologies are currently under development. The Europeans have a thermal energy storage research and development focusing on the development of two thermal storage systems for troughs. The first is a system that uses concrete for the storage media. The second uses phase-change materials and could be applicable for use with direct steam in the solar field. SunLab has also been working on the development of a new class of organic salt HTFs. The organic fluids offer the potential advantage of a molten-salt that is liquid at room temperature, eliminating the major drawback of inorganic molten-salts like HitecXL. Cost and temperature stability appear to be the main hurdles for organic salt HTF. Although all of these storage options are in the early stages of development, they provide alternative paths to achieving cost targets in a range similar to HitecXL. D.8.3 Scale-Up Cost reductions due to scale-up are not considered applicable since the storage system size, for the same number of hours’ storage, is directly proportional to the plant size. The SunLab projections also change the type of storage system in the years 2004, 2007, and 2010, which will tend to negate near-term potential scale-up cost reduction. D.8.4 Production Volume The storage system is not a manufactured module but consists of individual single components combined to create a system. The SunLab projections show a constant $/kWht and $/kWhe for the direct thermocline system from the year 2010 and forward.PDF Image | Assessment of Parabolic Trough and Power Tower Solar Technology Cost and Performance Forecasts
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