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51707-IC-1-2005-1-CZ-ERASMUS-IPUC-3 ACCUMULATION OF THERMAL ENERGY Dušan Medveď, Marek Hvizdoš This paper deals with accumulation and storing of thermal energy, such as in phase change materials and chemical reactions, sensible thermal energy storage i.e. water tanks and underground thermal energy storage. 1. INTRODUCTION We need energy – electrical or thermal – but in most cases not where or when it is available. Enjoying the sound of music while you are jogging, you can not stand beside the socket: electrical energy storages – batteries – make you mobile. The energy you need is stored for a short while and over the distance you like to run. Having a cold beer on a summers evening was possible even before cooling machines were invented. At that time people were cutting ice from the lakes in winter, transported the ice to the brewery and stored it in deep cellars. The cold was stored from the winter to the summer: For example for long term thermal energy storage and the utilization of renewable energies. In cold climates margin solar heat from summer can be used in winter for heating of buildings by seasonal storage. 2. ACCUMULATION OF ENERGY – THE BENEFITS OF ENERGY STORAGE Waste heat from industrial processes, steam from solar thermal power plants or electricity from photovoltaic panels are examples for energy sources, which can not be used more extensively without energy storages. A huge potential of energy sources substituting fossil fuels can only be utilized by energy storage systems, utilizing renewables like solar thermal, photo-voltaic and wind energy. Thermal and electrical energy storage systems enable greater and more efficient use of these fluctuating energy sources by matching the energy supply with the demand. This can finally lead to a substantial energy conservation and reduction of CO2 emissions. The growing peak demand of today’s energy consumption, essentially caused by electrical air conditioning, leads more often to black-outs all over the world. Such a problem – the shifting of a peak demand for only a few hours or minutes – can be solved by cold storage technologies. In this context energy storages can be the best solution not only from the technical point of view, but also for economical reasons [1]. 3. TECHNOLOGIES OF ENERGY STORAGE The energy to be stored can be either electrical or thermal. Both energies require completely different storage technologies. However in the actual application both technologies can meet: The peak demand of electricity for example is in most cases caused by air conditioning, which is a thermal task. The cooling demand can be covered by a cold store (ice or chilled water) which is charged at off peak hours by electric chillers. Energy storages can be described by their storage capacity (stored energy per mass or volume), power (energy output per time), storage period (how long the energy should be stored) and size. All these parameters can vary over a huge scale: From the latent heat storage to prevent laptops from getting too hot (stored energy in the range of a few Wh) to the heat and cold thermal underground storage system (stored energy in the range of some 2 GWh). ABSTRACT 24PDF Image | ACCUMULATION OF THERMAL ENERGY
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