Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines

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Energies 2021, 14, 6805 62 of 72 13. Castor, S.B.; Henry, C.D. Lithium-Rich Claystone in the McDermitt Caldera, Nevada, USA: Geologic, Mineralogical, and Geochemical Characteristics and Possible Origin. Minerals 2020, 10, 68. [CrossRef] 14. US Geological Survey. Mineral Commodities Summary 2020; U.S. Geological Survey: Reston, VA, USA, 2020; p. 204. 15. Mohr, S.H.; Mudd, G.M.; Giurco, D. Lithium Resources and Production: Critical Assessment and Global Projections. Minerals 2012, 2, 65–84. [CrossRef] 16. Khan, Y. EVs to Account for 79 Percent of Lithium Demand by 2030; Argus Media Group: London, UK, 2020. 17. Xu, P.; Hong, J.; Qian, X.M.; Xu, Z.W.; Xia, H.; Tao, X.C.; Xu, Z.Z.; Ni, Q.Q. Materials for lithium recovery from salt lake brine. J. Mater. Sci. 2021, 56, 16–63. [CrossRef] 18. Albemarle Corporation. Form 10-K 2020 Annual Report: Albemarle Corportation; U.S. Security and Exchange Comission: Washington, DC, USA, 2021. 19. Flexer, V.; Baspineiro, C.F.; Galli, C.I. 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Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

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