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or ionizable species, such as organophosphates (Table 10). Extractants may have a variety or ionizable species, such as organophosphates (Table 10). Extractants may have a variety Li (DBM) ∙2HDBM∙4TOPO, depending on the original solution composition. The chelated Li (DBM) ∙2HDBM∙4TOPO, depending on the original solution composition. The chelated Energies 2021, 14, 6805 (Cyanex 272), are used alone [177,179]. More frequently, synergistic mixtures, suc3h3 oafs7d2i- 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and TOPO, are applied together to enhance Mono-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid Mono-2-ethylEMhneoErxgngnyioelrs-gp2i0e0h-s2eo121t,s,0,h12p1y414h,l,hxo1x4erF,xiOxcyRFalOPcPpiEREdhEPoREsRERpREhVRoIErEiVWcIEaWcid C8H19O4P C HC8HO19PO4P 35 o3f57o4f 74 (MEHPA) (MEHPA) (MEHPA) 8 19 4 of ionizable functional groups, including carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, or amines of ionizable functional groups, including carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, or amines [63,172,175,179]. A variety of organic and inorganic compounds, such tri-n-octyl [63,172,175,179]. A variety of organic and inorganic compounds, such tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) or ferric chloride, serve as synergistic adducts (see discussion phosphine oxide (TOPO) or ferric chloride, serve as synergistic adducts (see discussion below). In some cases, extractants, such as bis-2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl phosphinic acid below). In some cases, extractants, such as bis-2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl phosphinic acid 2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and TOPO, are applied together to enhance selectivity or recovery efficiency [177]. selectivity or recovery efficiency [177]. Table 10. Solvents used for the extraction and recovery of lithium from brines and leachates, adapted from [63,179,200]. Table10.SolvTenabtsleu1s0e.dSofolvretnhtseuesxetdrafcotriothneaenxdtrarcetcionvearnydorefcloitvheiruymofflriothmiumbrifnroemsabnridnelesacnhdalteasc,hadteasp,taeddapfrteodmfr[o6m3,1[6739,1,27090,2]0.0]. Extractants (D2EHPA) (D2EHPA) (D2EHPA) CAS Number 298-07-7 298-07-7298-07-7 Formula Extractants Extractants CAS Number Formula CAS Number Formula Structural Formula Structural Formula Structural Formula Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid C16H35O4P C HC16HO35OP 4P 2-Ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2- 2-Ethylhexyl phosphonic acid ethylhexyl ester mono-2-ethylehtehxyyllhesxtyelrester (PC88A) (PC88A) (PC88A) Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 14802-03-0 14802-031-40802-03-0 C16H35O3P C HC16HO35OP 3P 16 35 4 2-Ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2- 16 35 3 1070-03-7 1070-03-7 1070-03-7 35 of 74 35 of 74 (LIX 54) (LI(XLI5X4)54) Tri-n-butyl phosphate 68892-13-7 68892-13-7 C16H22O2 C16 H22 O2 Bis-2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl phosphinic acid Bis-2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl phosphinic acid BisB-2is,4-2,4,4-t,r4i-mtreimtheytlhpyel npteynltpyhl oposhpohsipinhicinaicidadci8d3411-71-6 C16H35O2P Bis-2,4,4-trim(eCthyyalnpeexn2t7y2l)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) 1-Phenyldecane-1,3-dione 1-Phenyldecane-1,3-dione 83481314-171-761-6 C16CH1365HO325PO2P C16H35O2P (Cyanex 272) (Cyanex 272)(Cy(Canyeaxne2x72)72) 83411-71-6 83411-71-6 68892-13-7 C16H35O2P 1-P1h-ePenhyelndyelcdaencea-n1e,3-1-d,3io-odnieone 1-Phenyldecane-1,3-dione C16H22O2 (LIX 54) (LIX 54) 68869828-9123-173-7 C16CH1262HO22O2 Tri-n-butyl phosphate Tri-n-butyl phosphate TriT-nr-i--bnu-tbyultpyhl opshpohsaptheate 126-73-8 C12H27O4P (TBP) (TBP) 1261-2763-783-8 126-73-8126-73-8 C12CH127HO247PO4P HC12HO27OP 4P (TBP) (TB(PTP)B) P) Tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide C 12 27 4 Tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide TriT-nr-i--onc-toycltpyhl opshpohsipinheinoexiodxeide 78-50-2 C24H51OP Tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) (TOPO) 78-7580-520-2 78-50-2 78-50-2 C24CH2541HO5P1OP HC24HO5P1OP (TOPO) (TO(TPOP) O) Trialkyl phosphine oxides (mixture) C 24 51 Trialkyl phosphine oxides (mixture) Trialkyl phosTpTrhriiTanlrlekiayollkxpiydhleoposshp(pomhsipinxnhteuinorex)iodxeisd(ems i(ixmtuixrteu)re) 100786-00-3 (MIBK) Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) (DBM) (DBM) 1201-2406-476-7 120-46-7 15 C152CH1152HO12O2 C15H12O2 (Cyanex923) (Cyanex 923) C42H90O2P2 100786-010-031708067-8060-030C-3 HC42CHO4920HOP920PO22P2 (Cyanex 923)(Cy(Canyeaxne9x239)23) (Cyanex 923) 100786-00-3 42 C4920H920O2P2 Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone Methyl isobutyl ketone 108-10-1 C6H12O MeMtheytlhiysloibsuotbyultkyel tkoenteone (MIBK) C6H12O 1081-0180-10-1 6 C162HC162HO12O (MIBK) (M(IMBKIB) K) 108-10-1 C6H12O 108-10-1 108-10-1 CHO Dibenzoylmethane Dibenzoylmethane 120-46-7 120-46-7 C15H12O2 C H O DibDeinbzeonyzlomyelmtheatnheane (DB(DMB)M) 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 2,6-Dimethyl-4-heptanone 108-83-8108-83-8 C HC9HO18O 9 18 (DIBK) (DIBK) (DIBK) 1081-0883-83-8 108-83-8 C9HC198HO18O C9H18O 2,62-D,6i-mDeimtheytlh-4y-lh-4e-phteapntoaneone (DI(BDKIB) K) Acetophenone AcetophenonAe cetophenone 98-86-2 98-86-2 98-86-2 C8H8O C HC8OH8O 88 98-9886-826-2 Adapted in part from Nguyen and Lee (2018) A Review on the Separation of Lithium Ion from Leach Liquors of Primary AceAetcoepthoepenhoeneone Adapted in partAfrdoamptNedguinyepnaratnfdroLmeeN(2g0u1y8e)nAaRndevLiewe (o2n01t8h)eASeRpeavriaietwiononofthLeithSieupmaraIaotinonfromf LLitehaicuhmLIiIqounofrsomof LPereiamcharLyiqaunodorSseocfoPnrdiamryary C8HC8OH8O AdAapdtaepdtieindpinarpt afrotomfroNmgNuygeunyaeandanLdeeL(e2e01(1280)1A8)RAevRiewvwieown othnetShSepSaerpaatiroantionf LoifthLiuthmiuImonIofrnomfroLmeaLcehaLchiqLuioqrusorfsPorfimPraimryary Resources by SolavnedntSEexctorancdtiaornywRiethsoCuormcems ebryciaSloElvxetrnatctEaxntrsa,cPtriocneswseitsth6,C5o5;mdmoie:1r0c.i3a3l9E0x/xtprra6c0ta5an0n0ts5,5,PurnocdcesrsCesre6a,ti5v55e;Cdoomi:m10o.3n3s9A0t/tprrib60u05ti0o0n55, and Secondary Resources by Solvent Extraction with Commercial Extractants, Processes 6, 55; doi:10.3390/pr6050055, 4.0 InternationalanPndudabnSldieccSLoeincdeonanrsdyea. RrRyesRoeusrocuesrscbesy bSyolvSvoenlnvteEnxtxtEraxcttrtiaocntiownitwh iCthomComermrcieiarlciEaxl tEraxcttrtanctas,n, tPsr,oPcreosscsess6e,s, 565,;5d5o; id:1o0i.:31309.303/p9p0r6/6p0r56005050,55, under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License. unduenrdCereCartievaetiCveomComomnsoAnsttAribtbturitbiountio4.n.0 4In.n0teInrnteartnioantiaolnPaul bPluicbLliicceLenicsen. se. Solvent extraction was proposed for the extraction of lithium from aqueous solutions Solvent extraction was proposed for the extraction of lithium from aqueous solutions SolSvoelnvteenxtterxactcrtaiocntiownaws pasropprospeodsefodrftohrethexeterxactcrtaiocntionf loitfhliutuhmiufmrofmroamquaeqouuesousoslsuotiliouontisons of alkali metal salts as early as 1954 [200]. Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) was identified as of alkali metal salts as early as 1954 [200]. Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) was identified as of oalflkalkiamliemtaeltsaalltstsalats aesarelyayralays a1s951495[2420[02]0.0D].ibDeinbzeonyzlomyelmtheatnhean(De B(DMB)Mw)aws aidseindteifnfiteidfieads as complexing with alkali metal ions to form chelate rings and it was shown that complex complexing with alkali metal ions to form chelate rings and it was shown that complex comcopmlepxlienxginwgitwhiatahlkalkiamliemtaeltiaolnisontos ftorfmorcmcheclhaetelartieinrgisngasndanitdt witaws ashsoswhonwthnhathcaotmcopmlepxlex formation was more favorable for lithium (log K of ~6) than for sodium or potassium (log formation was more favorable for lithium (log K of ~6) than for sodium or potassium (log forfmoramtioantiownaws masomreofraevfoarvaobrlaebfloerfloitrthliutuhmiu(mlog(loKgoKf ~o6f)~t6h)atnhafonrfsosordsioudmiuomr porotpaostsaiussmiu(mlog(log K ≤ 4) [200]. Lee et al. [180] extracted lithium from a solution of alkali metal salts using an K ≤ 4) [200]. Lee et al. [180] extracted lithium from a solution of alkali metal salts using an K K K K ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ K 4 4 4 4 ≤ ) ) ) ) [ [ [ [ 4 2 2 2 2 ) 0 0 0 0 [ 0 0 0 0 2 ] ] ] ] 0 . . . . 0 L L L L ] e e e e . e e e e L e e e e e t t e t t a a a a e l l l l t . . . . a [ [ [ [ 1 1 1 1 l . 8 8 8 8 [ 0 0 0 0 1 ] ] ] ] 8 e e e e 0 x x x x ] t t t t e r r r r a x a a a c t c c c r t t t t a e e e e c d d d d t e l l l l i i i i d t t t t h h h h l i i i i i u u t u u h m m m m i u f f f f m r r r r o o o o f m m m m r o a a a a m s s s s o o o o a l l l l s u u u u o t t t t i l i i i o u o o o n n n n t i o o o o o n f f f f a a a a o l l l l f k k k k a a a a a l l l l l k i i i i a m m m m l i e e e e mt t t t a a a a e l l l l t s s s s a a a a a l l l l l t s t t t s s s s a l u u u u t s s s s s i i i i u n n n n s g g g g i n a a a a g n n n n a n adduct between DBM and TOPO. The resulting product had the form LiDBM∙2TOPO or adduct between DBM and TOPO. The resulting product had the form LiDBM∙2TOPO or addauducdctubcettbweetweneeDnBDMBaMandanTdOTPOP.OTh. eTehresruelstiuinlgtginpgropdruocdctuhcatadhathdhethfoerfmorLmiDLBiDMB∙2M2T∙O2TPOPoOr orPDF Image | Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)