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Energies 2021, 14, 6805 17 of 72 Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 17 of 74 Figure 10. Schematic diagram for the preparation of an ion-imprinted polymer membrane [93]. Reprinted from Applied Figure 10. Schematic diagram for the preparation of an ion-imprinted polymer membrane [93]. Reprinted from Applied Surface Science, v. 427, Lu et al., Multilayered ion-imprinted membranes with high selectivity towards Li+ based on the Surface Science, v. 427, Lu et al., Multilayered ion-imprinted membranes with high selectivity towards Li+ based on the synergistic effect of 12-crown-4 and polyether sulfone, 931–941, Copyright 2018, with permission from Elsevier. synergistic effect of 12-crown-4 and polyether sulfone, 931–941, Copyright 2018, with permission from Elsevier. Karp [95] investigated the chromatographic separation of lithium from brine with an Karp [95] investigated the chromatographic separation of lithium from brine with an organic sorbent as the stationary phase. The process involves the use of a Zwitterionic organic sorbent as the stationary phase. The process involves the use of a Zwitterionic stationary phase and brine and freshwater as mobile phases. Lithium and other dissolved stationary phase and brine and freshwater as mobile phases. Lithium and other dissolved salts intercalate with the Zwitterionic group on the stationary phase and are retained on salts intercalate with the Zwitterionic group on the stationary phase and are retained on in relation to the bulk mobile phase. The rate at which a salt moves down the column in relation to the bulk mobile phase. The rate at which a salt moves down the column depends on their Van der Waals radius, charge, and solubility [95]. Lithium was separated depends on their Van der Waals radius, charge, and solubility [95]. Lithium was separated from other ions based on their differing affinities for the Zwitterion stationary phase [95]. from other ions based on their differing affinities for the Zwitterion stationary phase [95]. 2.3. InorganiiccMoolelceuculalraSriSevievIeonI-oEnx-cEhxacnhgaenAgdesAordbseonrtbsents Inorganic ccrryssttallliinesosolildids,s,inicnluclduidnigngvarviaoruiosuasluamluinmuimnuhmydhroyxdirdoexsid(AeslO(HAl)O, aHlu),- amluinmuimnuomxidoexsid(eAslO(Axl)O, mx)a,nmgangesaeneosxeidoexsid(Mesn(OMxn),Oaxn)d, atintadntiiutmaniouxmideosx(iTdieOsx()T,ihOaxv)e, hbeaevne bsheeonwsnhtowbne tsoelbecetisveelelcitihvieumlithsoiurbmenstosrb[8e0n]t.sM[8a0n].yMofanthyeolifththiuemlitshoirubmenstosrubnendtesr uinvdesr- tigation for use in direct lithium extraction from brines are used as cathode materials in investigation for use in direct lithium extraction from brines are used as cathode materials lithium-ion batteries (Table 6) [56]. Dow Chemical Company first proposed using micro- in lithium-ion batteries (Table 6) [56]. Dow Chemical Company first proposed using crystalline AlOH embedded in anion-exchange resins for the selective removal of lithium microcrystalline AlOH embedded in anion-exchange resins for the selective removal of from brines [79]. Ooi, Miyai and co-workers first proposed the use of manganese oxides lithium from brines [79]. Ooi, Miyai and co-workers first proposed the use of manganese (MnOx) as sorbents for the recovery of lithium from seawater [96,97]. TiOx materials are oxides (MnOx) as sorbents for the recovery of lithium from seawater [96,97]. TiOx used in lithium-ion batteries and their application to the recovery of lithium from brines has materials are used in lithium-ion batteries and their application to the recovery of lithium been proposed more recently [80,98–101]. The properties of inorganic crystalline sorbents from brines has been proposed more recently [80,98,99,100,101]. The properties of have been scientifically investigated and efforts are underway to apply these solid sorbents inorganic crystalline sorbents have been scientifically investigated and efforts are in engineered systems to the selective recovery of lithium from natural and industrial underway to apply these solid sorbents in engineered systems to the selective recovery of fluids, including geothermal brines [102]. lithium from natural and industrial fluids, including geothermal brines [102].PDF Image | Recovery of Lithium from Geothermal Brines
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)