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Process of Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Brine

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Membranes 2021, 11, 175 20 of 20 58. Creusen, R.; Van Medevoort, J.; Roelands, M.; Duivenbode, A.V.R.V.; Hanemaaijer, J.H.; Van Leerdam, R. Integrated membrane distillation–crystallization: Process design and cost estimations for seawater treatment and fluxes of single salt solutions. Desalination 2013, 323, 8–16. [CrossRef] 59. Edwie, F.; Chung, T.-S. Development of hollow fiber membranes for water and salt recovery from highly concentrated brine via direct contact membrane distillation and crystallization. J. Membr. Sci. 2012, 421, 111–123. [CrossRef] 60. Edwie, F.; Chung, T.-S. Development of simultaneous membrane distillation–crystallization (SMDC) technology for treatment of saturated brine. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2013, 98, 160–172. [CrossRef] 61. Mericq, J.P.; Laborie, S.; Cabassud, C. Vacuum membrane distillation of seawater reverse osmosis brines. Water Res. 2010, 44, 5260–5273. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 62. Park, S.H.; Kim, J.H.; Moon, S.J.; Jung, J.T.; Wang, H.H.; Ali, A.; Quist-Jensen, C.A.; Macedonio, F.; Drioli, E.; Lee, Y.M. Lithium recovery from artificial brine using energy-efficient membrane distillation and nanofiltration. J. Membr. Sci. 2020, 598, 117683. [CrossRef] 63. Sipos, P. Application of the Specific Ion Interaction Theory (SIT) for the ionic products of aqueous electrolyte solutions of very high concentrations. J. Mol. Liq. 2008, 143, 13–16. [CrossRef] 64. De Visscher, A.; Vanderdeelen, J.; Königsberger, E.; Churagulov, B.R.; Ichikuni, M.; Tsurumi, M. IUPAC-NIST solubility data series. 95. Alkaline earth carbonates in aqueous systems. Part 1. Introduction, Be and Mg. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 2012, 41, 013105. [CrossRef] 65. Plummer, L.N.; Busenberg, E. The solubilities of calcite, aragonite and vaterite in CO2–H2O solutions between 0 and 90 ◦C, and an evaluation of the aqueous model for the system CaCO3–CO2–H2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1982, 46, 1011–1040. [CrossRef] 66. Pochitalkina, I.A.; Kekin, P.A.; Morozov, A.N.; Petropavlovskii, I.A.; Kondakov, D.F. Crystallization kinetics of calcium carbonate at a stoichiometric ratio of components. Russ. J. Phys. Chem. A 2016, 90, 2346–2351. [CrossRef] 67. De Visscher, A.; Vanderdeelen, J. IUPAC-NIST Solubility Data Series. 95. Alkaline Earth Carbonates in Aqueous Systems. Part 2. Ca. J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 2012, 41, 023105. [CrossRef] 68. Warynski, T.; Kouropatwinska, S. Étude sur l’équilibre isotherme du système: CO3Ca cristallisé + NH4Cl aq. J. Chim. Phys. 1916, 14, 328–335. [CrossRef] 69. Millero, F.J.; Milne, P.J.; Thurmond, V.L. The solubility of calcite, strontianite and witherite in NaCl solutions at 25 C. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 1984, 48, 1141–1143. [CrossRef]

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.

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