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15 16 US 10,695,694B2 lesthanabout800°C.Insomeembodiments,thefreshly ments,theionexchangematerialissynthesizedbyamethod coatedionexchangematerialisheatedtoatemperatureof suchaschemicalprecipitation,hydrothermal,solidstate, morethanabout100°C.,morethanabout20°C.,more microwave,orcombinationsthereof. thanabout30°C.,morethanabout40°C.,morethan Insomeembodiments,theionexchangematerialsare about50°C.,morethanabout600°C.,morethanabout 5 synthesizedinalithiatedstatewithasub-laticefulyor 700°C.,ormorethanabout800°C.Insomeembodiments, partlyocupiedbylithiumions.Insomeembodiments,the thefreshlycoatedionexchangematerialisheatedtoa ionexchangematerialsaresynthesizedinahydratedstate temperaturefromabout10°C.toabout80°C.,fromabout withasub-laticefulyorpartlyocupiedbyhydrogenions. 200°C.toabout800°C.,fromabout300°C.toabout700° Insomeembodiments,theionexchangematerialandthe C.,fromabout40°C.toabout70°C.,fromabout50°C.10coatingmaterialformoneormoreconcentrationgradients toabout700°C.,fromabout10°C.toabout300°C.,from wherethechemicalcompositionofthecoatedionexchange about200°C.toabout400°C.,fromabout30°C.toabout particlevariesbetweentwoormorecompositions.Insome 500°C.,fromabout40°C.toabout600°C.,fromabout embodiments,thechemicalcompositionvariesbetwenthe 500°C.toabout70°C.,orfromabout600°C.toabout ionexchangematerialsandthecoatinginamannerthatis 800° C. In some embodiments, the freshly coated ion 15 continuous,discontinuous,orcontinuousand discontinuous exchangematerialisheatedinanatmosphereofaircom indiferentregionsofthecoatedionexchangeparticle.In prisingoxygen,nitrogen,hydrogen,argon,orcombinations someembodiments,theionexchangematerialsandthe thereof.Insomeembodiments,thefreshlycoatedion coatingmaterialsformaconcentrationgradientthatextends exchangematerialisheatedforatimeperiodoflesthan overathicknesoflesthan1nm,lesthan10nm,lesthan about1hour,lesthanabout2hours,lesthanabout4hours,20 10nm,lesthan1,0nm,lesthan10,0nm,lesthan lesthanabout8hours,lesthanabout24hours,morethan 10,0nm,morethan1nm,morethan10nm,morethan 1hour,morethan2hours,morethan4hours,morethan8 10nm,morethan1,0nm,morethan10,0nm,from hours,fromabout0.5hourstoabout24hours,fromabout about1nmtoabout10,0nm,fromabout10nm,toabout 0.5hourstoabout8hours,fromabout0.5hourstoabout4 10,0nm,orfromabout100toabout1,0nm. hours, from about 0.5 hours to about 2 hours, or from about 25 Particle Size of Coated Ion Exchange Particles in Porous 0.5 hours to about 1hour. Structure Insomeembodiments,thecoatingmaterialisdeposited Insomeembodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticle withphysicalcharacteristicssuchascrystaline,amorphous, hasanaveragediameteroflesthanabout10nm,lesthan fulcoverage,partialcoverage,uniform,non-uniform,or about20nm,lesthanabout30nm,lesthanabout40nm, combinationsthereof.Insomeembodiments,multiplecoat-30 lesthanabout50nm,lesthanabout60nm,lesthanabout ingsaredepositedontheionexchangematerialinan 70nm,lesthanabout80nm,lesthanabout90nm,les arrangementsuchasconcentric,patchwork,orcombinations thanabout10nm,lesthanabout1,0nm,lesthanabout thereof. IonExchangeMaterialofCoatedIonExchangeParticlesin nm,morethanabout20nm,morethanabout30nm,more PorousStructure 35 thanabout40nm,morethanabout50nm,morethanabout Insomeembodiments,theionexchangematerialissuit 60nm,morethanabout70nm,morethanabout80nm, ableforhighlithiumabsorptioncapacityandforlithium morethanabout90nm,morethanabout10nm,morethan ionsinaliquidresourcerelativetootherionssuchassodium about1,0nm,morethanabout10,0nm,fromabout1 ionsandmagnesiumions.Insomeembodiments,theion nmtoabout10,0nm,fromabout1nmtoabout1,0nm, exchangematerialissuitableforstronglithium ionuptakein 40 fromabout1nm toabout10nm,from about1nm toabout liquidresourcesincludingthosewithlowconcentrationsof 80nm,fromabout1nmtoabout60nm,fromabout1nm lithiumions,facileelutionoflithiumionswithasmall toabout40nm,orfromabout1nmtoabout20nm.Insome excessofacid,andfastionicdifusion. embodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticleshavean Insomeembodiments,theionexchangematerialcom averagesizeoflesthanabout10nm,lesthanabout1,0 prisesanoxide,aphosphate,anoxyfluoride,afluorophos-45nm,orlesthanabout10,0nm.Insomeembodiments,the phate,orcombinationsthereof.Inafurtherembodiment,the coatedionexchangeparticlesaresecondaryparticlescom ionexchangematerialcomprisesLiFePO4,LiMnPOA, prisedofsmalerprimaryparticles,whereinthesecondary LiMOZ(M=Ti,Mn,Sn),LiMn3012,LiTi3012,LiMn04, particleshaveanaveragediameteroflesthanabout10nm, LiMn04,LiMO,(M=A1,Cu,Ti),LiTi04,Li,Ti,024, lesthanabout20nm,lesthanabout30nm,lesthanabout LiZVO4, LiSiz07, Li,Cup207, Al(OH)3, LiCl.xAl5040nm,lesthanabout50nm,lesthanabout60nm,les (OH)3.yH20,SnO2.xSb205.yH20,TiO2.xSb2O5.yH20, thanabout70nm,lesthanabout80nm,lesthanabout90 solidsolutionsthereof,orcombinationsthereof.Insome nm,lesthanabout10nm,lesthanabout1,0nm,les embodiment,xisselectedfrom0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6, thanabout10,0nm,lesthanabout10,0nm,more 0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,and10.Insome thanabout10nm,morethanabout20nm,morethanabout embodiments,yisselectedfrom0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,530nm,morethanabout40nm,morethanabout50nm, 0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,and10.Insome morethanabout60nm,morethanabout70nm,morethan embodiments,xandyisindependentlyselectedfrom0.1, about80nm,morethanabout90nm,morethanabout10 0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, nm,morethanabout1,0nm,morethanabout10,0nm, and10.Insomeembodiments,anionexchangematerial fromabout1nmtoabout10,0nm,fromabout1nmto comprises LiFePO4, LiSn03, LizMnO3, LiTiO3,60about1,0nm,fromabout1nmtoabout10nm,from LiTi,012 LiMn,012,L116Mn60%,solidsolutions about1nmtoabout80nm,fromabout1nmtoabout60nm, thereof,orcombinationsthereof. from about1nm toabout40nm,orfrom about1nm to Insomeembodiments,theionexchangematerialissyn about20nm. thesizedbyamethodsuchashydrothermal,solvothermal, Insomeembodiments,thecoatedionexchangeparticle sol-gel,solidstate,moltensaltflux,ionexchange,micro-65hasanaveragediameteroflesthanabout10um,lesthan wave,balmiling,chemicalprecipitation,co-precipitation, about20um,lesthanabout30um,lesthanabout40um, vapordeposition,orcombinationsthereof.Insomeembodi lesthanabout50um,lesthanabout60um,lesthanabout 10,0nm,lesthanabout10,0nm,morethanabout10PDF Image | Patent Lithium Extraction with coated ion exchange particles
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ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)