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US 2020/0399137A1 Dec.24,2020 chloridecontainingsolutioncanberecovered,forexample byevaporationandsubsequentcondensation,andresuplied thelike.Preferably,theanodeisadimensionalystable 6 anode,alowingforreducedpowerconsumption.Dimen tointercalatedlithiumabsorbentcolumn(s)18,orcanbe sionalystabletitaniumanodesareparticularlywel-suited supliedtoanyotherstepinthisoranasociatedproces thatrequiresthesuplyofwater.Alternatively,water28can besupliedtoageothermalwel.Inembodimentsemploy ingaconcentrationstep,overalconcentrationofconcen tratedlithiumchloride-richsolution30canbeincreasedto greaterthan25%lithiumchloridebyweight,preferablyup toabout40%lithiumchloridebyweight.Astheconcentra tionofthelithiumchlorideincreases,thesodiumchloride presentwilprecipitateashalite. forchlorineenvironmentsasthetitaniumsubstrateisresis tanttocorosion.Thetotalareaoftheanodecanbeadjusted baseduponreactorsizeanddesiredproduction.Theanolyte ofelectrochemicalcel32canbeanysuitablematerial, includingalithiumchloridesolutionhavingaconcentration ofbetwenofabout1%byweighttosaturation,preferably betwen5%and40%byweight,morepreferablybetwen about10%and35%byweight. [059] Thematerialsforconstructionofelectrochemical cel32canbeanymaterialthatischemicalyresistantto chlorine,activatedchlorine,oxygenatedchlorinespecies, andotherdisolvedspeciesthatmayexistinbrinesolutions. Exemplarymaterialsfortheconstructionofelectrochemical cel32 includepolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),polyvi nylidene fluoride(PVDF),HALAR (alternating co-poly mersofethyleneandchlorotrifluoroethylene(CTFE),and otherfluorinatedorpartialyfluorinated. [05] Concentratedlithiumchloride-richsolution30can besupliedtoelectrochemicalcel32,whichincludesat leastoneanode,onecathodeandapermeablemembrane,for theelectrochemicalpreparationoflithiumhydroxide.Elec trochemicalcelssuitableforlargescaleproductionare comercialyavailablefromcompanies,suchas,Ineos, DeNora,ChlorineEnginers,andAsahiGlas,tonamea few.Specificaly,chlorideionsareoxidizedtochlorineatthe anodeandwaterisreducedtohydroxideionsandhydrogen [0060]Themembraneofelectrochemicalcel32canbe gasatthecathode.Preferably,concentratedlithiumchloride anysuitablesemi-permeablecationselectivemembranethat richsolution30issubstantialyfreofotherions,particu selectivelypasescationsandinhibitsthepasageofanions. larlyionsthatmayinterferewiththeelectrochemicalreac Suchmembranesareknownintheart.Oneexemplary tion.Optionaly,alithiumchloride-richstreamcansuplied directlytotheelectrochemicalreaction,withoutbeingfirst beingsubjectedtothesilicamanagementandlithiumion sequestrationsteps,providedthatthelithiumchloride-rich streamissubstantialyfreofnon-lithiumions,particularly non-lithiumionsthatmayinterferewiththeelectrochemical reaction,Incertainembodiments,theconcentrationof sodiumand/orpotasiumionsinconcentratedlithiumchlo ride-richsolution30islesthanabout5% byweight, preferablylesthanabout3%byweight.Cationssuchas includeoneormorefilterorseparation-purificationstep iron,calcium,magnesium,andthelike,ifatalpresent, priortothestepofsuplyingconcentratedlithiumchloride preferablyhaveatotalconcentrationoflesthanabout solution30orbrinetoelectrochemicalcel32. 0.01%byweight,morepreferablylesthanabout0.05% by weight,and even more preferably les than about 0.01%byweight.Higherconcentrationsoftheinterfer ingionsdoesnotnecesarilyprecludeoperationofthe electrochemicalcel,butinsteadmayreducetheoverallife ofthecelcomponentsand/ortheoveralefectivenesofthe reaction. [056]Similartothatwhichisnotedabovewithrespectto thepresenceofnon-lithiuminterferingcations,electro chemicalcel32preferablyhasatotalnon-chlorideanion contentoflesthanabout5%byweight,preferablylesthan about3% byweight,andevenmorepreferablylesthan about1% byweight. [057]Thecathodeofelectrochemicalcel32canbeany suitablematerial,includingnickel,catalyzednickelmesh, stainlesstel,coatedstainlesstel,mildstel,andthelike. Otherexemplarycatalystscanincludemixedruthenium compounds,platinumandothersimilarcompoundsthat havelowhydrogenoverpotential.Thetotalareaofthe cathodecanbeadjustedbaseduponreactorsizeanddesired production.Thecatholytefedoftheelectrochemicalcel32 canbeanysuitablematerialhavingsuficientionstocary acurent.Whilewatermaybeemployed,andincertain embodiments,theaditionoflithiumcarbonateorlithium hydroxidemaybebeneficialtotheoperationofthecel. [0058]Theanodeofelectrochemicalcel32canbeany suitablematerial,suchastitaniummeshcoatedwithruthe niumoxide,titaniummeshcoatedwithplatinum,carbon,or [0062] Duringoperationofelectrochemicalcel32,a curentdensityofbetweenabout500and10,0A/m2can beapliedatavoltageofbetweenabout1.5and5volts. Preferably,acurentdensityofbetwenabout20and 7000A/m2isaplied. membraneisNafion(E.I.DuPontdeNemours&Co.), particularlytheNafion300,400and900/9000seriesof materials.Othersuitablemembranescanbesupliedby Flemion,howeveranysuitablemembranematerialcanbe usedprovidedthematerialischemicalyresistanttoboth chlorineandlithiumhydroxide.Themembranemaybe placedbetwentheanolytebeingelectrolyzedandthe catholyte. [061] Incertainembodiments,theprocescanoptionaly [0063] Electrochemicalcel32maybeoperatedata temperatureofbetwenabout60°and10°C.,preferably betwenabout70°and95°C.,andmorepreferablybetwen about90°and95°C.Cel32canbeoperatedatatmospheric presure,orslightlyaboveatmosphericpresure. [064] Operationofelectrochemicalcel32produces lithiumhydroxideinsolution,andalsoevolveschlorineand hydrogengasbyproducts,whichcanberemovedfromthe electrochemicalcelvialines34and35,respectively. [0065] Theeficiencyofelectrochemicalcel32isatleast about60%,preferablyatleastabout70%,morepreferably atleastabout80%,morepreferablyatleastabout90%,more preferablyatleastabout95%,andevenmorepreferablyat uptoabout9.9%.Theelectrolysiscanbeoperatedcon tinualyuntilthelithiumhydroxidecontentreachesabout 17%byweight,atwhichtimethelithiumhydroxidesolution mayberemovedandsupliedtoacarbonationreactor.At lithiumhydroxideconcentrationsgreaterthanabout17%by weight,thelithiumhydroxideinsolutioncanbeginto precipitate.Electrochemicalcel32canalsobeoperated underconditionsdesignedtoproducelowerconcentration lithiumhydroxidesolutionsandthelowerconcentration lithiumhydroxidesolutioncanberecycledtoandfromthePDF Image | Patent LITHIUM CHLORIDE CONTAINING BRINE
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)