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low-to-medium feed salinity (less than 35,000 mg L-1 TDS) because of its mature technology and moderate energy consumption. Nevertheless, NF is not economically viable in desalting high-salinity brine, because of the rapid increase in energy consumption with an increase in the feed salinity. A generally linear dependence of the energy consumption on the feed water salinity applies in electrically driven technologies (PSMCDI and S-ED), which are only suitable for low feed salinity. In contrast, the energy consumption of the thermal-driven technology of MDC is nearly independent of the feed salinity, which renders this technology more attractive in dealing with high feed salinity. Unfortunately, the desorption process leads to a serious capacity loss because of the oxidising agents or acids used as the desorption reagents. In addition, the selectivity of the adsorbents for lithium cannot reach 100%. This problem leads to the use of additional selective precipitated methods to specifically remove the competing mineral. More importantly, unlike the other membrane-based processes, these processes cannot produce desalted water and need to be combined with NF/RO, leading to a reduction of the revenue. 4. Outlook NF as a mature technology has been facing major challenges, including its long-term stability and cost-saving operation in large-scale systems. Therefore, the study on the use of NF membranes in lithium recovery should be focused on the process optimisation to achieve the goals of low energy, low fouling tendency, and minimised equipment size. For instance, the membrane pre-treatment could be adopted for inhibiting membrane fouling, thereby reducing the operating costs. Technique that can provide accurate non-invasive and online monitoring of membrane fouling to timely clean membrane need to be developed [55, 115, 116]. Additionally, the further development of antifouling NF membranes is needed, as well as that of membranes with a high selectivity to separate monovalent and divalent ions. 28PDF Image | Membrane based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)