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characteristics on the separation performance were investigated [77]. The results showed that the constant-current mode exhibited superior selectivity, but its specific energy consumption was an order of magnitude higher than that for the constant-voltage mode. Therefore, the constant-voltage mode is more feasible for lithium recovery in S-ED. In addition, Li+ recovery can be achieved effectively with different Mg2+/Li+ ratios, indicating wide adaptability of S-ED for lithium extraction from real salt-lake brine. The influences of the co-existing monovalent cations (K+ and Na+) and anions (SO42− and HCO3−) on the lithium migration were investigated in a recent study by Yuan et al. [78–79]. They found that compared with Na+, K+ presented a significant influence on the lithium migration because of the relatively low hydrated ionic radius. The co-existing anions mainly affect the migration of Mg2+ rather than Li+. This phenomenon is attributed to the fact that Mg2+ not only has a strong attraction with SO42– but also forms MgHCO3+ with HCO3–. Recently, Ge et al. [80] used an NF membrane instead of a monovalent cation exchange membrane for the selective separation of Na+ and Mg2+. The selectivity of Na+ to Mg2+ obtained from the NF membrane was almost two times higher than that obtained from the monovalent ion exchange membrane. Unlike the traditional ED process discussed above, bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED), in which ED is combined with a bipolar membrane, is another typical approach for the extraction of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) from aqueous saline solutions [81–84]. During the BMED process, the bipolar membrane induced the dissociation of water into H+ and OH− ions under an electrical field, and then lithium was recovered as LiOH (Fig. 6b). The BMED process has been proven to be a practicable technology to produce LiOH with a high purity of 95% from the Li2CO3 solution [81–82]. Notably, the process conditions have a significant effect on lithium recovery [83]. The higher sample volume leads to the longer time required to achieve a steady state. The recovery efficiency of lithium could reach the maximum limit 19PDF Image | Membrane based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)