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simulated seawater by using a hollow-fiber SLM module [33]. The separation factor of Li+ was demonstrated to have decreased with an increase in the concentrations of the Na+ and K+ ions and the decrease in the pH values in the feed phase. Compared with the flat sheet membrane module, the hollow-fiber membrane module provided a higher surface area [34–35]. The hollow-fiber SLM, as a green technology, has the potential for designing a large module with a high packing density so as to achieve the demand for quantitative extraction. However, the lack of stability of the SLMs limits their application at an industrial scale. This instability is results from the solubility of the organic phase in the adjacent aqueous phases or the pressure difference across the membrane. The use of ionic liquids (ILs) could overcome this limitation because of their unique properties, such as high viscosity or negligible vapour pressure [36]. SLMs based on ILs have demonstrated promising results for the selective solvent extraction of lithium in recent studies [37–39]. Shi et al. [37] suggested that TBP acting as the extractant in the imidazolium-based ionic liquids [C4mim][NTf2] could significantly enhance the extraction efficiency of lithium (92%) compared with that (7%) in the conventional organic solvent. The effects of a series of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ILs on the extraction efficiency of lithium from salt-lake brine with a high Mg2+/Li+ ratio were investigated by Gao et al. [38]. The 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid showed the highest extraction efficiency of 86.3%. Zante et al. [39] further confirmed that the combination of TBP and an imidazolium ionic liquid not only improved the membrane stability but also achieved the lithium extraction efficiency of up to 80% from complex acidic solutions. The design of suitable ionic liquids will open up new potential industrial applications of the supported liquid membranes in the field of lithium recovery. Unfortunately, the efficiency of lithium extraction significantly decreased after a period of operation because of the solvent leakage and the membrane swelling [33, 40]. To improve the 10PDF Image | Membrane based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)