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and selectivity decreased after 6 h of filtration due to membrane fouling [22]. Meanwhile, a further understanding of the trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity to lithium is crucial for membrane selection. 2.2. Supported liquid membrane Conventional liquid–liquid extraction has been extensively used as an easy and effective strategy for the industrial production of chemicals and metals. However, it requires a very large volume of organic solvent, which becomes unacceptable from the environmental and safety perspectives [30], and the subsequent reuse of the waste solvent is also costly and energy-consuming. Unlike classical solvent extraction, a supported liquid membrane (SLM) uses a membrane support that soaks in an organic phase to separate two aqueous phases, whereby a substance is transferred from one feed phase to a stripping aqueous phase (Fig. 2) [31]. For the separation of highly hydrophilic metal ions, the organic phase should contain an organic extracting molecule that selectively binds to a target metal ion and forms lipophilic metal-organic ligand species. Thus, the SLM technology can be used as an alternative approach for lithium recovery because of the attractive features of low energy consumption and solvent usage, high selectivity, and the integration of extraction and stripping into one stage. A good stable extraction solvent is indispensable to obtain an efficient and complete transport of the target metal. A combined solvent of LIX54 (α-acetyl-m-dodecylacetophenone) and TOPO (tri-octyl phosphine oxide) was used for the synergic complexation of Li+ ions in an SLM process [32]. The optimum extraction efficiency could reach ≥ 95% with a model solution containing Na+, K+, and Li+. Importantly, a stable permeability of the system was displayed in the initial stage. Another extractant of di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) was used for the selective extraction of Li+ from 9PDF Image | Membrane based technologies for lithium recovery from water lithium
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)