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Membranes 2022, 12, 373 23 of 29 References Author Contributions: The original draft write-up for the manuscript, figures and tables were contributed equally by F.S.B., A.L. and T.C. Formatting and editing were contributed by Y.H., N.A.M. and X.W. Proof reading and editing were contributed by Y.H., J.H. (Jasmeen Hayer) and S.C. after manuscript completion. Conceptualization of the manuscript was provided by J.H. (Jilong Han), Y.Y., S.Y. and Y.H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This work was funded by [Jianshu Dingying New Materials Co., Ltd.] under Grant Number [C-00005685] and [Qinghai Haixi science and technology bureau] under [Enterprise innovation fund program number 2019-104]. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not Applicable. Acknowledgments: F.S.B. thanks the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan for awarding a PhD scholarship. A.L. acknowledges the School of Engineering for the PhD Scholarships. T.C. acknowledges The University of Edinburgh for the Principal’s Career Development PhD Scholarship and the School of Engineering for the Edinburgh Global Research Scholarship. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. 1. Bernard, A. Lithium, Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, 4th ed.; Elsevier: San Diego, CA, USA, 2015; Volume 1, pp. 969–974. 2. Meshram, P.; Pandey, B.D.; Mankhand, T.R. Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: A comprehensive review. Hydrometallurgy 2014, 150, 192–208. [CrossRef] 3. Vikström, H.; Davidsson, S.; Höök, M. Lithium availability and future production outlooks. Appl. Energy 2013, 110, 252–266. [CrossRef] 4. Kesler, S.E.; Gruber, P.W.; Medina, P.A.; Keoleian, G.A.; Everson, M.P.; Wallington, T.J. Global lithium resources: Relative importance of pegmatite, brine and other deposits. Ore Geol. Rev. 2012, 48, 55–69. [CrossRef] 5. Peiró, L.T.; Méndez, G.V.; Ayres, R.U. 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Lithium market research—Global supply, future demand and price development. Energy Storage Mater. 2017, 6, 171–179. [CrossRef] 11. Grosjean, C.; Miranda, P.H.; Perrin, M.; Poggi, P. Assessment of world lithium resources and consequences of their geographic distribution on the expected development of the electric vehicle industry. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2012, 16, 1735–1744. [CrossRef] 12. Shi, W.; Liu, X.; Ye, C.; Cao, X.; Gao, C.; Shen, J. Efficient lithium extraction by membrane capacitive deionization incorporated with monovalent selective cation exchange membrane. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2019, 210, 885–890. [CrossRef] 13. Liu, J.; Xu, C.; Chen, Z.; Ni, S.; Shen, Z.X. Progress in aqueous rechargeable batteries. Green Energy Environ. 2018, 3, 20–41. [CrossRef] 14. Kushnir, D.; Sandén, B.A. The time dimension and lithium resource constraints for electric vehicles. Resour. Policy 2012, 37, 93–103. [CrossRef] 15. Speirs, J.; Contestabile, M.; Houari, Y.; Gross, R. 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Sci. Total Environ. 2018, 639, 1188–1204. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Lithium Harvesting using Membranes
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)