Lithium Extraction from Hybrid Geothermal Power

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Stringfellow and Dobson Liu, G., Zhao, Z. W., and Ghahreman, A.: Novel approaches for lithium extraction from salt-lake brines: A review, Hydrometallurgy, 187, 81-100, 2019. Liu, G., Zhao, Z. W., and He, L. H.: Highly selective lithium recovery from high Mg/Li ratio brines, Desalination, 474, 2020. Liu, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., Cao, D., and Zhao, X.: Lithium extraction from seawater by manganese oxide ion sieve MnO2· 0.5 H2O, Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, 468, 280-284, 2015. Liu, X., Chen, X., He, L., and Zhao, Z.: Study on extraction of lithium from salt lake brine by membrane electrolysis, Desalination, 376, 35-40, 2015b. Liu, X., Chen, X., Zhao, Z., and Liang, X.: Effect of Na+ on Li extraction from brine using LiFePO4/FePO4 electrodes, Hydrometallurgy, 146, 24-28, 2014. Lu, J., Qin, Y. Y., Zhang, Q., Wu, Y. L., Cui, J. Y., Li, C. X., Wang, L., and Yan, Y. S.: Multilayered ion-imprinted membranes with high selectivity towards Li+ based on the synergistic effect of 12-crown-4 and polyether sulfone, Applied Surface Science, 427, 931-941, 2018. Luo, M. B., Li, B. P., Yang, Z., Liu, W., and Sun, Y. Z.: Determination of trace lithium in uranium compounds by adsorption on activated alumina using a micro-column method, Analytical Sciences, 24, 1013-1017, 2008. Ma, P. and Chen, X. D.: Lithium extraction from a multicomponent mixture using supported liquid membranes, Separation Science and Technology, 35, 2513-2533, 2000. Maimoni, A.: Minerals recovery from Salton Sea geothermal brines - a literature-review and proposed cementation process, Geothermics, 11, 239-258, 1982. Masmoudi, A., Zante, G., Trebouet, D., Barillon, R., and Boltoeva, M.: Understanding the Mechanism of Lithium Ion Extraction Using Tributyl Phosphate in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid, Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 38, 777-799, 2020. Mceachern, P. M., Wong, N., and Andric, M.: Method and apparatus for the treatment of water with the recovery of metals, PURLUCID TREATMENT SOLUTIONS (CANADA) INC., US Patent Application 2020/0299805 A1, 2020. McKibben, M. A. and Hardie, L. A.: Chapter 17. Ore-Forming Brines in Active Continental Rifts, In: Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits, John Wiley & Sons, 1997. McKibben, M. A., Elders, W. A., and Raju, A.: Lithium and other geothermal mineral and energy resources beneath the Salton Sea, In: Crisis at the Salton Sea: Research Gaps and Opportunities, Salton Sea Task Force, The EDGE Institute, U. C. Riverside, pp. 107- 122, 2020. McKinley, C. and Ghahreman, A.: Hydrochloric acid regeneration in hydrometallurgical processes: a review, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy-Transactions of the Institutions of Mining and Metallurgy, 127, 157-168, 2018. Menzheres, L. T., Ryabtsev, A. D., and Mamylova, E. V.: Interaction of aluminum salts with lithium hydroxide in aqueous solution, Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 49, 810-815, 2004. Meshram, P., Pandey, B. D., and Mankhand, T. R.: Extraction of lithium from primary and secondary sources by pre-treatment, leaching and separation: A comprehensive review, Hydrometallurgy, 150, 192-208, 2014. MidAmerican Energy Holding Co.: Mineral Recovery from Geothermal Brine, Final Report (GEO-99-001), California Energy Commission, Sacramento, CAGEO-99-001 Final Report, 2003. Millot, R., Gourcerol, B., Gloaguen, E., Lefebvre, G., and Melleton, J., Re-localising the extraction of mineral resources: the challenges of lithium in Europe. The Conversation France, 2020, https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02894727. Misra, B. M. and Gill, J. S.: Supported liquid membranes in metal separations. In: Chemical Separations with Liquid Membranes, Bartsch, R. A. and Way, J. D. (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series, 1996. Miyai, Y., Ooi, K., and Katoh, S.: Recovery of lithium from seawater using a new type of ion-sieve adsorbent based on MgMn2O4, Separation Science and Technology, 23, 179-191, 1988. Mroczek, E., Dedual, G., Graham, D., and Bacon, L.: Lithium extraction from Wairakei geothermal fluid using electrodialysis, Proceedings World Geothermal Congress 2015, Melbourne, Australia, 2015, 6p. Munk, L., Hynek, S., Bradley, D. C., Boutt, D., Labay, K. A., and Jochens, H.: Reviews in Economic Geology. Chapter 14: Lithium brines: A global perspective, Society of Economic Geologists, Inc., 2016. Neupane, G. and Wendt, D. S.: Assessment of mineral resources in geothermal brines in the US, Proceedings, 42nd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 18 p. Nguyen, T. H. and Lee, M. S.: A Review on the Separation of Lithium Ion from Leach Liquors of Primary and Secondary Resources by Solvent Extraction with Commercial Extractants, Processes, 6, 2018. Nguyen, V. N. H., Nguyen, T. H., and Lee, M. S.: Review on the Comparison of the Chemical Reactivity of Cyanex 272, Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 for Their Application to Metal Separation from Acid Media, Metals, 10, 2020. 16

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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine

ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.

Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system.

Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications.

We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery.

One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power.

In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).

Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).

We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.

CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)