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Geosciences 2018, 8, 56 15 of 18 Author Contributions: Laurence Kavanagh conceived and designed the experiments. Laurence Kavanagh acquired the samples, performed the experiments and analysed data. Laurence Kavanagh, Andrew Lloyd and John Cleary interpreted the data. Jerome Keohane and Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools to the work. Laurence Kavanagh wrote the paper. Andrew Lloyd, Guiomar Garcia-Cabellos, Jerome Keohane and John Cleary contributed toward drafting the article and revising it critically. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results. References 1. Chaney, R.L. Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents. In Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes; Parr, J.F., Marsh, P.B., Kla, J.M., Eds.; Noyes Data Corp.: Park Ridge, NJ, USA, 1983; pp. 50–76. 2. Sheoran, V.; Sheoran, A.S.; Poonia, P. Agromining: A review. Miner. Eng. 2009, 22, 1007–1019. [CrossRef] 3. Van Der Ent, A.; Baker, A.J.; Reeves, R.D.; Chaney, R.L.; Anderson, C.W.; Meech, J.A.; Erskine, P.D.; Simonnot, M.O.; Vaughan, J.; Morel, J.L.; et al. Agromining: Farming for metals in the future? Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 49, 4773–4780. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 4. Garbisu, C.; Alkorta, I. Phytoextraction: A cost-effective plant-based technology for the removal of metals from the environment. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 77, 229–236. [CrossRef] 5. Brooks, R.R.; Robinson, B.H. The potential use of hyperaccumulators and other plants for agromining. In Plants that Hyperaccumulate Heavy Metals: Their Role in Archaeology, Microbiology, Mineral Exploration, Agromining and Phytoremediation; CAB International: Wallingford, UK, 1998; pp. 327–356. 6. Robinson, B.H.; Anderson, C.W.N.; Dickinson, N.M. Phytoextraction: Where’s the action? J. Geochem. Explor. 2015, 151, 34–40. [CrossRef] 7. Sheoran, V.; Sheoran, A.S.; Poonia, P. Agromining of gold: A review. J. Geochem. Explor. 2013, 128, 42–50. [CrossRef] 8. Robinson, B. Agromining: Growing a crop of metal. Biologist 1999, 46, 201–205. 9. Phytoremediation and Agromining in Manitoba: Preliminary Observation from an Orientation Survey at the Central Manitoba (Au) Minesite (NTS 52L/13). Report of Activities. Available online: http://manitoba.ca/ iem/geo/field/roa00pdfs/00gs-28.pdf (accessed on 5 February 2018). 10. Timofeeva, S.S.; Ulrikh, D.V.; Timofeev, S.S. Agromining Perspectives in Rehabilitation of Mining and Industrial Areas of South Ural; InIOP Conference Series. Earth Environ. Sci. 2017, 66, 012030. 11. Reeves, R.D.; Baker, A.J. Metal accumulating plants. In Phytoremediation of Toxic Metals Using Plants to Clean Up the Environment; Raskin, I., Ensley, B.D., Eds.; John Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York, NY, USA, 2000. 12. Sachs, J. Manual of Experimental Physiology of Plants. Investigations on the General Living Conditions of the Plants and the Functions of Their Organs; Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig, Germany, 1865; p. 514. 13. Assunção, A.G.; Schat, H.; Aarts, M.G. Thlaspi caerulescens, an attractive model species to study heavy metal hyperaccumulation in plants. New Phytol. 2003, 159, 351–360. [CrossRef] 14. Brooks, R.R.; Chambers, M.F.; Nicks, L.J.; Robinson, B.H. Agromining. Trends Plant Sci. 1998, 3, 359–362. [CrossRef] 15. Verbruggen, N.; Hermans, C.; Schat, H. Molecular mechanisms of metal hyperaccumulation in plants. New Phytol. 2009, 181, 759–776. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 16. Jaffré, T.; Brooks, R.R.; Lee, J.; Reeves, R.D. Sebertia acuminata: A hyperaccumulator of nickel from New Caledonia. Science 1976, 193, 579–580. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 17. Baker, A.J.M.; McGrath, S.P.; Sidoli, C.M.D.; Reeves, R.D. The possibility of in situ heavy metal decontamination of polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 1994, 11, 41–49. [CrossRef] 18. Pollard, A.J.; Reeves, R.D.; Baker, A.J. Facultative hyperaccumulation of heavy metals and metalloids. Plant Sci. 2014, 217, 8–17. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 19. Rascio, N.; Navari-Izzo, F. Heavy metal hyperaccumulating plants: How and why do they do it? And what makes them so interesting? Plant Sci. 2011, 180, 169–181. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 20. Sarma, H. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants: A review focusing on phytoremediation technology. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2011, 4, 118–138. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Induced Plant Accumulation of Lithium
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