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Appendix from solid medium (Sigma Aldrich, UK. RPMI-R6504, DMEM-D7777) in FCS (100 ml) and 1 w/v% penicillin/streptomycin (10 ml) with sodium bicarbonate (2 g; Sigma Aldrich, UK. S5761) and adjusted to 500 ml with sterile DI water. Sterile graphene preparations were adjusted to double the concentrations tested with DI water and mixed with an equal volume of the double strength medium, when 200 μl was added to the adhered cells in each well. After incubation for 24 h at 37 oC under 5 % CO2, Resazurin (Sigma Aldrich, UK. 199303) was added (10 μl of 0.1 mg/ml) to each well and the plates further incubated for 6 h, when their fluorescence was read (Ex 570 nm, Em 590 nm, Tecan Safire plate reader). Controls of media only and cells with media were taken as zero and 100 % respectively. All of the biological studies were performed by Dr. Shaun Offerman at the Manchester Pharmacy School under the supervision of Dr. Harmesh Aojula and Prof. David Clarke. These results were presented in this thesis as supporting information for the materials produced in Chapter 6. The summary of all the aqueous graphene preparations (from Chapter 6) used for toxicity examinations are given in Table 9-1. GO was also used in the toxicity examinations for comparison. GO was kindly supplied by Dr. Cristina Valles from School of Materials, University of Manchester. Table 9-1: Summary of all the aqueous graphene preparation used for toxicity examinations FLG preparation Dialysed 0.1 v/v%G/NMP G/Egg PC Hydrodynam ic diameter (DLS) nm ~200 ~350 Mean flake length (AFM) nm 170 ± 80 350 ± 150 Mean number of layers (AFM) 4.3 ± 1.9 5.3± 2.1 Zeta potential mV - 47.7 (pH~7.7 ) ND Residual organic solvent (1H- NMR) (v/v%) 0.07 ± 0.01 NA Dialysed 0.1 v/v% G/DMF ~170 140 ± 70 4.5 ± 2.3 - 48.9 (pH ~7.6) 0.07 ± 0.01 G/TDOC ~100 90 ± 40 3.2 ± 1.8 - 63.0 (pH ~7.6) NA G/HSA ~390 370 ± 120 6.1 ± 3 -27.9 (pH ~6.8) NA 249PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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