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Chapter 7 – Application of Graphene composites: Raman Strain Sensors Alignment of flakes in the composite: In bulk composite coatings, the graphene flakes are 3d randomly-oriented during processing resulting in reduced/no shift rate. The observed ~ -4.5 cm-1/% strain at the same spot for FLG-20/epoxy composite coating could perhaps be from a FLG which is aligned to the deformation axis at the measured region. It is also plausible that the larger SLG or FLG could roll and fold up during the processing, again affecting the shift rates. Homogeneity of graphene dispersed within the composite: In order to achieve efficient reinforcement throughout the composite, it is important that the dispersion of graphene within the polymer matrix is uniform. Figure 7.7, shows Raman spectra of random positions of a FLG-1/epoxy composite. The variation of the intensities between the 2D band of graphene and the epoxy at various positions indicates that the graphene indeed is not homogeneously dispersed within the composite. This could be a result of; o The processing technique not being effective in homogeneously dispersing graphene within the composites. o Re-aggregation of graphene flakes due to the higher loadings used (5 wt.%). Similar problems were encountered with nanotubes442 and GO.294 These reasons contribute to the observed large standard deviation for 2D band positions for such composites produced (Figure 7.5 and Table 7-1). Figure 7.7: Raman spectra of FLG-1/epoxy composite showing the difference in the observed intensities of graphene 2D band and epoxy, suggesting non-homogenous dispersion of graphene within the composite. 206PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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