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Chapter 5 β Production of Few Layer Graphene in Organic Solvents Figure 5.8: Statistical data derived from the histograms plotted in all cases as a function of sonication time, including different centrifugation speeds. a) Length of flake (πΏπ΄πΉπ), b) Mean number of layers per flake (γπγ), c) Monolayer percentage (π1βππ %), d) Few layer percentage (π1β5βππ %). Highlighted regions show the effect of centrifuge speeds at one sonication time (60 hr). All error bars represents the standard deviation from histogram data. Figure 5.8a shows the variation of πΏπ΄πΉπ with different sonication time and centrifugation speed. As seen in histogram data, πΏπ΄πΉπ decreases as sonication time increases. Despite the reduction in flake length, relatively large standard deviations were observed for 2000 rpm samples. This is due to the presence of large distribution of flake lengths, i.e., the presence of larger flakes (> 500 nm) and also smaller flakes (< 500 nm). As the centrifugation speed increases, the larger flakes are removed, retaining only smaller flakes and hence smaller standard deviation (e.g., at 60 hr sonication, see highlighted region of Figure 5.8a). It has to be noted that, AFM was used in this study for the lateral size analysis, as opposed to the more widely used TEM technique. However, one disadvantage while using TEM during statistical analysis is that, during the sample preparation technique smaller 141PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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