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Chapter 5 β Production of Few Layer Graphene in Organic Solvents In general, the histogram data reveals that as sonication time increases, π decreases slightly. The mean number of flakes per layer, (γπγ), remains around 3-5 layers, except for 24 hr 2000 rpm sample which may be due to the fact that at low centrifugation speed the thicker flakes are not removed effectively (see Figure 5.3a). It can also be noted that, as the centrifugation speed increases, the number of thicker flakes (π > 7) reduces considerably suggesting that higher centrifugation speed removes heavier flakes and larger flakes (Figure 5.5) resulting in very stable dispersions. As a result, dispersions obtained at higher speeds (6000-10000 rpm) remain stable over six months without any visible aggregation or sedimentation unlike the dispersions at lower speed (2000 rpm) showing visible aggregation and sedimentation at the bottom of bottle within one month. Example AFM images (FLG/NMP, 60 hr) in Figure 5.7 show the mean length of the flake (γπΏπ΄πΉπγ) and (γπγ changes with increase in centrifugation speed. Figure 5.7: Example AFM images of FLG/NMP at 60 hr at different centrifugation speeds From the statistical histogram data, additional statistics can be derived; Monolayer percentage (π1βππ %, where π1 is number of monolayers, ππ is total number of flakes examined) and few-layer percentage (π1β5βππ %, where π1β5 is number of flakes < 5 layers, ππ is total number of flakes examined). The plots are shown in Figure 5.8. 140PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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