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Chapter 5 – Production of Few Layer Graphene in Organic Solvents Figure 5.3: a) A representative 5 × 5 μm AFM scan of FLG/NMP flakes spray deposited on mica sheet. The bright flake is > 30 nm thick graphite. b) Zoomed region of the highlighted area in (a) showing the method used to measure the lateral dimensions. c) Height profile of the flake in (b). d) 1 × 1 μm AFM scan from FLG/DMF dispersions showing a monolayer with height profile in (e) of ~ 1 nm apparent height. Arrow indicates aggregated and folded flakes. f) Amplitude image of (d) shows the folds/aggregations clearly. Representative AFM scans and height profiles of the spray deposited flakes observed are shown in Figure 5.3. As seen in Figure 5.3a, large number of flakes were distributed reasonably uniformly over the substrate. To determine the lateral dimensions, the shape of the flakes was approximated to rectangular in shape and the length was taken as the longest side, as illustrated in Figure 5.3b and Figure 5.3f. The example monolayer flake in Figure 5.3d has an apparent height ~1 nm, as seen from its height profile in Figure 5.3e. It should be noted that, the type of substrates used and the environmental conditions such as the relative humidity affect the estimation of the height of monolayer graphene by AFM.53 For example, it was reported that the apparent height of monolayer graphene on SiO2/Si was ~1 nm,13 while on mica it is be ~0.4 nm.350 However, it has been shown that the apparent AFM height in tapping mode depends strongly on the scanning parameters and the experimental environment.351 In order to get more flakes/images for statistical analysis, fast-scan was used (i.e., a low interaction between the tip and substrate) over large area, typically 5 × 5 μm area as shown in Figure 136PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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