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Chapter 3 – Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene and Graphene-based Strain Sensors which has polycrystalline structure and high crack density.314 When the strain was applied the width of the overlapped regions changed, rather than deforming individual sheets, increasing the resistance. Additionally the resistance also increased due to decreased conduction via the cracks present in the networks, leading to the higher strain sensitivity.314 Recently Feng et al. demonstrated the synthesis of 3d stretchable and highly conductive micro-wrinkled rGO/PDMS composites.315 These composites were shown to have stable electrical conductivity and failure resistance up to 500 fatigue deformation cycles (for 10 % - 30 % strain levels). The advantage of this technique is that due to the isotropic nature of rGO shrinkage during fabrication procedure these sensors can be stretched in any direction within the plane of the film. 3.3.1.3. Strain sensors based on bulk graphene composites Graphene bulk composites have been demonstrated as strain sensors with varying GFs. These systems work by the strain deforming the percolated network in the composites, and hence changing its impedance. Kim et al. demonstrated 3 wt.% graphene/epoxy bulk composites as strain sensors with a GF ~ 11.4.316 Eswaraiah et al. have observed 2 wt.% graphene/PVDF based composites out performed CNT/PVDF composites in strain sensing.317 The flexibility of 2d graphene induced rapid changes in contact and tunnelling resistance leading to the enhanced strain sensitivity than CNT composites.317 In another study by Eswaraiah et al., strain sensors based on rGO/PVDF was produced by in situ reduction of GO in PVDF matrix during composite fabrication, and exhibited good strain sensitivity of GF ~ 12.1 (2.2 wt.%) due to the availability of sufficient interconnections.318 Increasing the rGO concentration decreased the GF, suggesting the physical movements of the conductive fillers were attenuated due to saturation, reducing the changes in electrical resistance.318 3.3.1.4. Wearable graphene sensors The piezoresistivity of graphene has also been explored in creating strain sensors that can sense movement of the body parts. Bae at al. demonstrated a transparent CVD graphene rosette-based strain sensor fixed to a wearable glove that could sense the bending movements of fingers.319 95PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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