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Chapter 3 – Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene and Graphene-based Strain Sensors Human motion sensors have also been demonstrated based on polymer nanocomposites produced from 3d structures of graphene-based materials. Yan et al. showed the use of stretchable PDMS nanocomposites prepared from a mixture of commercially available crumpled graphene (from rGO) and cellulose nanofibers as an all- direction human motion sensor which can stretch up to 100 % and having GF ~ 7.1.320 Jeong et al. have demonstrated PDMS composites produced from fragmented graphene foams (produced by CVD growth of 3d Ni template) showed higher strain sensitivity (GF – 15 to 29), as opposed to unfragmented graphene foam/PDMS composites (GF ~ 2.2), due to the large change in contact resistance within fragmented graphene foams during stretching.321 These strain sensors shown to function as human health-monitoring devices by monitoring movement of fingers, elbows and even pulse of radial artery. Boland et al. have produced body motion sensors from graphene-rubber composites. The elastic bands (natural rubber) were coated by LPE graphene (produced in NMP/water), by soaking the elastic bands in suitable solvents, producing nanocomposite which were shown to sense strains by displaying resistance changes even at 800 % strain levels with GF ~ 35.322 These sensors were able to sense the body movements such as joint and muscle motion as well as breathing and pulse. 3.3.2. Existing strain sensor technology Strain sensors are devices that measure the strain, tensile or compression, on an object in a particular part or over an area resulting from applied load. It has to be noted that, the measurement of strain using strain sensor always assumes that the strain on the object under investigation is transferred equally to the gauge.307 There are different types of strain sensors available that can measure strain over a single point or over an area, are described below. 3.3.2.1. Resistance-based strain sensors The most common type of strain sensors that are used to obtain single point measurements is resistance-based strain gauge. The working principle of these strain gauges is based on change in resistance of a conductor when it is stretched or compressed within its elasticity limits, such that it doesn’t deform permanently. 96PDF Image | PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS OF GRAPHENE AND ITS COMPOSITES
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