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176 Graphene – Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications Fig. 15. (a) Schematic of the CVD graphene transfer process onto transparent substrates. (b) 3-4 inch diameter graphene film transferred to glass, Si/SiO2 and PET. Light transmission spectra taken on different locations of the 10cm diameter transferred area of the glass substrate yielded a percent of transmittance higher than 96%, which is consistent with the presence of maximum 2 layer of graphene over the large transferred area. Graphene transfer to flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, as shown in figure 11b, opens exciting possibilities of large scale graphene in flexible, transparent electronics. The graphene transferred to flexible PET substrates is highly flexible and highly conductive, with sheet resistance of < 250 Ohm/sq. 3.2.2 Graphene applications in photovoltaics 3.2.2.1 Photovoltaic cells: Graphene vs ITO Solar energy harvesting using organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells has been proposed as a means to achieve low-cost energy due to their ease of manufacture, light weight and compatibility with flexible substrates. A critical aspect of this type of optoelectronic device is the transparent conductive electrode through which light couples into the device. Conventional OPVs typically use transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) or fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) as such electrodes (Peumans, Yakimov et al. 2003). However, the scarcity of indium reserves, intensive processing requirements, and highly brittle nature of metal oxides impose serious limitations on the use of these materials for applications where cost, physical conformation, and mechanical flexibility are important.PDF Image | GRAPHENE SYNTHESIS CHARACTERIZATION PROPERTIES
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