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Introductory Chapter: Graphene and Its Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86023 modern houses, graphene serves as roof, door, and window coatings to safeguard houses from radio wave interference [28]. 4.10 Nanoantennas A nanoantenna called graphene-based plasmonic nanoantenna (GPN) operates on a wavelength of millimeter within the radio wavelength range. This nanoantenna is better than our conventional antennas because its operational surface plasmon polaritons wavelength is much smaller compared to the wavelength of electromag- netic waves propagating at the same frequency. Our conventional antenna operational frequencies range from 100 to 1000, which is very huge compared to GPNs [29]. 4.11 Sound transducers Graphene has been predicted as a good candidate for the manufacturing of elec- trostatic audio microphones and speakers due to their lightweight, which provides moderately good frequency response [30]. In 2015 an A model audio ultrasonic microphone and the speaker was fabricated; it operates at a frequency range of 20–500 kHz [31]. Its performance operation was up to 99% efficiency, good and uniform frequency output throughout the audible range [32]. Author details Raphael Mmaduka Obodo1,2, Ishaq Ahmad2 and Fabian Ifeanyichukwu Ezema1* 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria 2 NPU-NCP Joint International Research Center on Advance Nanomaterials and Defects Engineering, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan *Address all correspondence to: fabian.ezema@unn.edu.ng © 2019 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 7PDF Image | Graphene and Its Applications
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