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Introductory Chapter: Graphene and Its Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86023 Figure 4. Diagram of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Reproduced from Ref. [34]. 3.1 Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a graphene oxide (GO) in which its oxygen content is reduced either by thermal, chemical, or any other methods. Graphene oxide is reduced to improve the honeycomb hexagonal lattice distorted during oxidation from graphene to graphene oxide and also enhance its electrical conduc- tivity [14, 34]. It is also observed that once most of the oxygen groups are removed, the reduced graphene oxide obtained becomes indispersible in a solvent due to its tendency to create aggregates (Figure 4). 4. Applications of graphene/GO/rGO Graphite and its derivate recently gained science and engineering awareness due to its numerous applications. The discovery of graphene is rightly regarded as a milestone in the world of material science; as can be seen in the worldwide attention, the material has received in the fields of electronics, photonics, capaci- tors/supercapacitors, biosensing, etc. They are used in numerous applications as illustrated below. In this book, applications of graphene and its derivatives are discussed in detail. These applications include photocatalysis, electronics, gas sens- ing, graphene-based heterogeneous electrodes for energy storage devices, etc. In addition, sound devices based on graphene is also explained in this book. 4.1 Electronics GO are used in electronic fabrications as initial materials. Electronic devices such as graphene effect transistors (GFETs) and field effect transistors (FETs) are graphene-based [17]. Reduced graphene oxides (rGO) are used as chemical sensors [18]. Functionalized graphene oxide in conjunction with glucose oxidase deposited on electrode material is used as an electrochemical glucose sensor [19]. They are widely used in the manufacturing of electronic devices like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and solar cells. Reduced graphene oxide dispersed in a solvent can be used in the production of the transparent electrode, which is an alternative transparent electrode like FTO and ITO [20]. 4.2 Energy storage Reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites have a high surface area and good con- ductivity, which suited them for use in supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries 5PDF Image | Graphene and Its Applications
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