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404 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths FIG. 28 Maximum thermal sensitivity values of illustrative examples of single- (filled symbols) and dual-center (open symbols) thermometers: ionic crystals (up triangles), molecular systems (circles), MOFs (squares), UCNPs (down triangles), and NIR NPs (diamonds). resolutions, repeatability and reproducibility (R), errors in the thermometric parameter (dD), temperature uncertainty (sdT), transition integrated areas (sdI/I), and relative sensitivity (sSr ) to optimize thermometer’s performance and facilitate the comparison between distinct systems. For instance, in MOFs, upconverting and downshifting NPs it is necessary to establish the effect on these thermometric parameters of the size and the shape of the NPs, the relative concentration of the dopants and the host material. There- fore, instead of summarizing the latest advancements on Ln3+-based thermo- meters, relatively well covered in a recent book (Carlos and Palacio, 2016) and in several reviews (Brites et al., 2012; Cui et al., 2015b; Jaque and Vetrone, 2012; Milla ́n et al., 2016; Quintanilla et al., 2016; Wang and Zhang, 2015), the present manuscript focuses primarily on how to rationalize quantitatively the thermal response of luminescent thermometers, and how to precisely define the models and parameters governing their performance. For secondary thermometers D(T) follows essentially two major trends: an exponential curve for single-center emission, eg, Yb3+/Ln3+- (Ln1⁄4Er, Tm, Ho) and Nd3+-based thermometers, and a sigmoidal curve for dual-center emission, eg, Eu3+/Tb3+-based thermometers. The D(T), Sr, and dT curves computed for single- (Eqs. 25, 29, and 30) and dual-center (Eqs. 38, 40, and 41) thermometers (Fig. 18) permit to ascertain the following conclusions:PDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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