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368 Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths AB 0.35 0.36 T2 = 325 K 0.30 0.32 0.28 T1 = 305K 0.25 0.24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Cycle 300 310 320 330 Temperature (K) FIG. 9 example within the uncertainty of the fitting parameters). temperature uncertainty must be compatible; otherwise the calibration proce- dure and/or the temperature uncertainty have been wrongly estimated. Another key feature of the thermometer readout is the ability to reproduce the same results, even when different detectors are employed or the measure- ments are made in different days. Although the reproducibility of a thermom- eter cannot be numerically quantified, statistical analysis may be used to evaluate if distinct calibration procedures are significantly different. If the same calibration curve can be obtained in different measurements, within the resulting experimental uncertainty of the fitting parameters, we must con- clude than the thermometer produces reproducible readouts under the tested conditions. 4 THERMAL RESPONSE RATIONALIZING In general, the thermometric systems can be classified as primary or second- ary. Primary thermometers are characterized by a well-established state equa- tion that directly relate a particular measured value to the absolute temperature without the need of calibration, while secondary thermometers must be referred to a well-known temperature for their calibration (Brites et al., 2012). This might be a limitation when the thermometers are used in a different medium than that in which they were calibrated. The usual calibra- tion procedure requires an independent measurement of the temperature (using, for instance, a thermocouple or an IR camera) to allow its conversion to luminescence intensity ratio, implying that a new calibration procedure is Evaluating the reproducibility and repeatability of a luminescent thermometer readout, of an aqueous suspension (0.30 g L1) of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ NPs, synthesized as described in Xie et al. (2013) and kindly providing by Prof. Dr. X. Liu from the National Univer- sity of Singapore. (A) Thermometric parameter recorded in 10 heating–cooling temperature cycles showing reproducibility higher than 99.1% (Eq. 22). (B) Values obtained using different detectors (open and filled circles) and using the same detector in different days (open squares). The error bars represent dD and the solid line the calibration curve (built using any of the calibration runs, D DPDF Image | HANDBOOK ON THE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS
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