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Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete

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Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete ( critical-review-properties-and-applications-sulfur-based-con )

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materials Review A Critical Review on the Properties and Applications of Sulfur-Based Concrete Roman Fediuk 1,*, Y. H. Mugahed Amran 2,3, Mohammad Ali Mosaberpanah 4, Aamar Danish 4, Mohamed El-Zeadani 5, Sergey V. Klyuev 6 and Nikolai Vatin 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * Correspondence: roman44@yandex.ru Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 19 October 2020; Published: 22 October 2020 Department of Hydraulic Engineering and the Theory of Constructions, Far Eastern Federal University, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; m.amran@psau.edu.sa Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, Amran University, Amran, Quhal 9677, Yemen Civil Engineering Department, Cyprus International University, 99258 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey; mmosaberpanah@ciu.edu.tr (M.A.M.); aamardanish@gmail.com (A.D.) Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; mohamed.elzeadani9595@gmail.com Department of Strength of Materials and Structural Mechanics, Belgorod State Technological University n.a. Shukhov, 308012 Belgorod, Russia; klyuyev@yandex.ru Higher School of Industrial, Civil and Road Construction, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia; vatin@mail.ru Abstract: The incessant demand for concrete is predicted to increase due to the fast construction developments worldwide. This demand requires a huge volume of cement production that could cause an ecological issue such as increasing the rates of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. This motivated several scholars to search for various alternatives for cement and one of such alternatives is called sulfur-based concrete. This concrete composite contributes to reduce the amount of cement required to make conventional concrete. Sulfur can be used as a partial-alternate binder to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) to produce sulfur-based concrete, which is a composite matrix of construction materials collected mostly from aggregates and sulfur. Sulfur modified concrete outperforms conventional concrete in terms of rapid gain of early strength, low shrinkage, low thermal conductivity, high durability resistance and excellent adhesion. On the basis of mentioned superior characteristics of sulfur-based concrete, it can be applied as a leading construction material for underground utility systems, dams and offshore structures. Therefore, this study reviews the sources, emissions from construction enterprises and compositions of sulfur; describes the production techniques and properties of sulfur; and highlights related literature to generate comprehensive insights into the potential applications of sulfur-based concrete in the construction industry today. Keywords: sulfur; binder; modifier; sulfur-based concrete; melt; fresh properties; hardened properties 1. Introduction Sulfur is a by-product of large-tonnage waste from oil and gas production facilities. The forecast for the global production of sulfur (based on data from the US Geological Survey (USGS) [1]) makes it important to seriously consider various alternative uses of sulfur as well as its complete utilization (disposal). In recent years, China has been the biggest contributor of sulfur as a by-product, due to increase in the number of refineries and gas processing plants (17 million tons in 2018) [2]. After China, 􏰁􏰂􏰃 􏰅􏰆􏰇 􏰈􏰉􏰊􏰋􏰌􏰂􏰍 Materials 2020, 13, 4712; doi:10.3390/ma13214712 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials

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