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Fig. 4 XRD pattern (a) and SAED pattern of S-AgNPs (b) Fig.5 FTIR spectra of Symphytum officinale leaf extract (a) and S-AgNPs (b) FT-IR spectroscopy is used for characterizing chemi- cal compounds involved in the formation of S-AgNPs. For the analysis, plant extract and S-AgNPs were used in pow- dered form. The spectra of plant extract and S-AgNPs were similar (Fig. 5). The peak at 3256 cm−1 and 3437 cm−1 is due to O–H vibrations. The other peak at 2921 cm−1 and 2917 cm−1 is a result of C–H stretching. In the case of plant extract, some additional peaks appeared in the region of 2000–2200 cm−1, all of them representing C–H stretching vibration. Peaks at 1722 cm−1 and 1613 cm−1 corresponds to C=O stretching. The bands in the region 1500–1200 cm−1 corresponds to C–H stretching vibrations, N–H bending, −CH3 wagging and C–OH stretching vibrations [25]. C–N stretching of amines is at 1027 cm−1 and 1059 cm−1. Peaks at 814 cm−1, 820 cm−1, 639 cm−1 and 615 cm−1 are due to C–H stretching (aromatic) [26]. The peaks at 2174 cm−1, 2158 cm−1, 2030 cm−1, 2008 cm−1, 1976 cm−1 and 1722 cm−1 in comfrey extract were lost intensity in the S-AgNPs, which indicated the involvement of these corresponding groups during the reduction of silver to silver nanoparticles. Effect of AgNPs on DPPH activity UV is the main external factor that causes oxidative stress, such as ROS [27]. ROS simultaneously triggers a series of cascade reactions, eventually leads to overexpression of MMP-1 and degradation of type I procollagen, revealed in photoaging [28]. Thus, DPPH assay was used as a primary method for the selection of AgNPs which can be used for the further anti-aging study. The DPPH will be reduced by accepting the hydrogen or electron, the DPPH reducing ability of AgNPs was measured spectrophotometrically by changing the DPPH color from purple to yellow. Table S2 shows the radical inhibition percentage of all the AgNP samples at different concentrations. Among all the seven plants, AgNP synthesized from S. officinale (S-AgNPs) shown to have DPPH activity as a result S-AgNPs has been selected as a candidate for the further study of anti-aging. The DPPH radical inhibition by S-AgNPs is shown in Fig. 6. The free-radical inhibition activity of S-AgNPs increased in a dose-dependent manner (100, 500 and 1000 μg mL−1). The free-radical scavenging activity of S-AgNPs was not as high as vitamin C (positive control), but S-AgNPs activity can be considered as good. At 100, 500 and 1000 μg mL−1, the DPPH inhibition ratio of S-AgNPs were 17.8, 59.5 and Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 13PDF Image | green silver nanoparticles from leaf used as UVb protection
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